Phonology and Prosody

Question 1

DEFINE Effected Received pronunciation (RP) 👵🏾

Answer 1

Old fashioned RP

Question 1

Who said that regional accents were perceived to be more honest, trustworthy and friendly? 🧡🐠

Answer 1

Giles

Question 2

What does RP stand for and what is it? 🗣️

Answer 2

1. Received pronunciation
2. RP is an accent regarded as the standard and most prestigious form of spoken British English

Question 3

Why is Received Pronunciation considered an accent, not a dialect?

Answer 3

A dialect suggests the geographic region of the speaker whereas an accent, particularly RP, is associated with a person’s location within the social hierarchy.

Question 4

Who coined the term Received Pronunciation, and when? 🐰🦅🦊, 😏

Answer 4

AJ Ellis in 1869

Question 5

What is the perlocutionary force of using RP?

Answer 5

Audiences attributing Overt Prestige to the speaker. It establishes straight away in conversation that they are educated and prosperous.

Question 6

DEFINE glottal stop, give 5 examples.
[⭕️⭕️⭕️💢]
🪡~🍴🍼👼

Answer 6

A stop sound made by the rapid closing vocal cords.
E.G
- Button
- Sentence
- Restaurant
- Bottle
- Little

Question 7

Where do glottal stops typically appear and how are they perceived, according to who?

Answer 7

They are features of regional accents, however, Trudgill says it is often stigmatised due to it’s association with the working class

Question 8

DEFINE Hypercorrection and give an example ❌🍷

Answer 8

Hypercorrection is the overapplication of a grammar rule or pronunciation.

[e.g my husband and I]

Question 9

DEFINE Phonology 👥👥📝

Answer 9

The STUDY of Speech sounds ➕ how they change dependent on contexts

Question 10

DEFINE Prosody + example❓ 📈📉

Answer 10

The Study of connected➖speech➖sounds

e.g. Intonation/rhyme

Question 11

WHAT are -ing endings apart of?

Answer 11

Class accents

Question 12

DEFINE a filler word? ⛽️

Answer 12

Verbal pauses/placeholders to give speaker time to think 💭

Question 13

Explain the qualities of the filler word “um”, how its represented and the reasoning behind its usage

Answer 13

1) “um” is a vocalized pause that typically consists of a mid-central vowel sound

2) It is represented as /ʌ/ or /ə/, followed by a nasal consonant /m/. It is a simple, often unstressed sound that fits smoothly into the flow of speech.

3) This makes it easy to produce quickly during pauses.

Question 14

What is an ‘auditory clue’ and what are some examples? (proso)

Answer 14

Any sound or pattern of sounds that provides information or context within communication

e.g. rising intonation at the end of a question may indicate a question