Phonology Flashcards
Phonology
the study of the abstract categories
that organize the sound system of a language
spectrogram
a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the of sound waves
phoneme
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another
phone
a speech sound; the smallest discrete segment of sound in a stream of speech
allophones
any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme, such as the aspirated k in kit and the unaspirated k in skit, which are allophones of the phoneme k
narrow transcription
encodes more information about the phonetic variations of the specific allophones in an utterance
orthography
the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words
distribution
the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language
complementary distribution
the occurrence of speech sounds in mutually exclusive contexts
minimal pairs
a pair of words which
differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning
extralinguistic
influences on how a word is spoken depending on for example prestige and social status
velarise
pronounce (a speech sound) with the back of the tongue near the soft palate
aspiration
the process of aspirating stops
voiced stops
is a consonant in which the …. Voiced stops are pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords
trill
the pronunciation of a consonant, especially r, with rapid vibration of the tongue against the hard or soft palate or the uvula