phonology Flashcards
phonology
the study of how sounds are organized in a language
phonetic inventories
the sounds that are produced as part of the language
phonotactic constraints
restrictions on the possible combinations of sounds
sound substitution
speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.
aspiration
short burst or puff of air that happens when making certain pronunciations
noncontrasive
interchanging two sounds does not change its meaning of the word.
contrasive
interchanging two sounds changes the meaning of the word.
phoneme
set of speech sound that are perceived to be variants of the same sound
allophone
each member of a particular phoneme
underlying form
the mapping between the phonemic form
assimilation
causes a sound to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property
palatalization
special type pf assimilation in which a consonant becomes a neighboring palatial
vowel harmony
a back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word
dissimilation
causes two words to become less similar
manner dissimilation
a stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop
maximally distinct
consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowels
implicational law
presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will will also be used in the language
dipthong-raising
ai is pronounced differently when it occurs before a voiceless sounds
weakening
causes the sound to become weaker
palatization
when a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal
metathesis
changes the order of sounds to make it easier to pronounce
cv metathesis
when three consecutive consonants occur, trades places with the preceding vowel
strengthening
makes sounds stronger
deletion
eliminates a sound that was present at the phonetic level
insertion
adds a non present segment to the phonetic form
