Phonology Flashcards
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 0-3 months
- Reflexive sounds making: produces glottal catch and vowels (ah, eh, uh)
- Differentiated cry (true vocal communication begins)
- Coos and gurgles
- produces single syllables
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 3-6 months
- Babbling begins: Double syllables- VCV, “aga”
- Puts lips together- says ‘m’, nasal tone is heard.
- Babbling shows pitch and inflection change.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 6-9 months
- Starts using m, n, t, d, b, p in babbling multiple syllables
- Uses wide variety of sound combinations including non English sounds.
- Inflected vocal play- intonation patterns heard.
- Reduplicative babbling begins e.g. bababa
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 9-12 months
- Vocalises during play.
- Jabbers loudly-wide variety of sounds and intonations.
- May acquire first true word (10-18 months)
- Variegated babbling begins- combines different syllables in vocal play.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 1-1.5 years
- Uses sentence like intonations (jargon).
- Uses most vowels and consonants in jargon.
- Words produced with CV structure emerge e.g. bo/boat
Phonological Processes: 1-1.5 years
- Omits final consonants and some initial consonants.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 1.5-2 years
- Appearance of words produced with CVC structure
Intelligibility: 1.5-2 years
- Improvement in intelligibility- now approximately 26-50% intelligible by 2 years.
- PCC: 69.2% by 2 years
Phonological processes: 2-2.5 years
- May omit final consonant, reduce consonant blends; substitute one consonant for another.
Intelligibility: 2-2.5 years
- Approximately 51-70% intelligible
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 2.5-3 years
- Consonants mastered: p, b, t, d, m, n, ng, y, w, h by 3 years.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 3-3.5 years
- Consonants mastered: k, g, f by 3.5 years.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 3.5 - 4 years
- Continued refinement of articulatory skills taking place
- Consonants mastered: s, sh, ch, l by 4 years
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 4 - 4.5 years
- Consonants mastered: z, j, and consonant clusters by 4.5 years
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 5-6 years
- Consonants mastered: v, by 6 years.
Phonetic inventory and word structure: 6-7 years
- Consonants mastered: voiced and voiceless ‘th’ by 8 years.
Phonological processes: 2.5 - 3 years
- Still some substitution and distortion of consonants.
- Context sensitive voicing and word-final devoicing eliminated by age 3
- Stopping of ‘f’ and ‘s’ eliminated by age 3;0
Phonological processes: 3 - 3.5 years
- Uses final consonants most of the time
- Final consonant deletion eliminated by age 3;3
Phonological processes: 3.5 - 4 years
- Velar fronting eliminated by age 3;6
- Palatal fronting eliminated by age 3;9
- Stopping of ‘v’ and’z’ eliminated by age 3;6
Phonological processes: 4 - 4.5 years
- Should be few omissions and substitutions of consonants
- Consonant harmony, weak syllable deletion and cluster reduction eliminated by age 4;0.
- Interdental lisp eliminated by age 4.5
** Lateral lisp never age appropriate**
Phonological processes: 4.5-5 years
- Gliding of liquids eliminated by age 5;0.
- Stopping of ‘sh’, ‘j’ and ‘ch’ eliminated by 4;6
- More errors present in difficult blends
Phonological processes: 5-6 years
- Stopping of voiced and voiceless ‘th’ eliminated by age 5;0
Intelligibility: 2.5 - 3 years
- Approximately 71-80% intelligible
Intelligibility: 3.5 - 4 years
- Becoming very intelligible in connected speech
- PCC: 76.41% by age 4
Intelligibility: 4 - 4.5 years
- Very intelligible in connected speech
Intelligibility: 4.5 - 5 years
- PCC: 82.45% by age 5
Intelligibility: 5-6 years
- PCC: 88.36% by age 6
Intelligibility: 6-7 years
- PCC: 90.76% by age 7
