Phonology

Question 1

Define Phonology

Answer 1

the patterns and processes that govern how the sounds of a language’s inventory are combined or changed

Question 2

freebee

Answer 2

freebee

Question 3

define

Rules

Answer 3

describing which sounds can go where make up phonotactics

Question 4

This vowel is what part of a syllable.

Answer 4

This vowel is the nucleus of the syllable.

Question 5

Anything that comes before the nucleus is a?

Answer 5

Anything that comes before the nucleus is an onset.

Question 6

Anything that comes after the nucleus is a ?

Answer 6

Anything that comes after the nucleus is a coda.

Question 7

A syllable can only have how many vowels?

Answer 7

A syllable can have only one vowel.

Question 8

diphthong.

Answer 8

When one vowel consists of two parts, it’s called a diphthong.

Question 9

What is the only part of a syllable that is required?

Answer 9

The nucleus! (A vowel)

Question 10

How to Syllabify

Answer 10

In order to break a word up into syllables, you must…
1. Transcribe the word into the IPA.
2. Identify the syllable nuclei by finding the vowels.
3. Assign the consonants to syllables as onsets or codas.

Question 11

English syllable structure:

Answer 11

(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)

Question 12

“Simple” syllable structure:

Answer 12

(C)V

Question 13

Moderately complex” syllable structure:

Answer 13

(C)(C)V(C)

Question 14

“Complex” syllable structure:

Answer 14

(C)(C)(C)(…)V(C)(C)(…)

Question 15

Stressed Syllables in English are…

Answer 15

Louder

Longer

Higher pitch

Question 16

primary stress.

Answer 16

syllables is always more prominent than the others.

Question 17

secondary stress.

Answer 17

All other stressed syllables

Question 18

The Angry Pound

Answer 18

If you do this, you will pound the table on the primary stressed syllable of each word.

Question 19

The sing-song call-out

Answer 19

“Aaaallisooon! Where are you?”
This sing-song call-out involves two major notes, the first higher than the second. The higher note must fall on a stressed syllable. Compare to:
“Ceciiiiiiliaaa!”

Question 20

unstressed syllables almost always have the what vowel?

Answer 20

schwa vowel.

Question 21

Stressed syllables of English almost never have the what vowel?

Answer 21

schwa vowel.

Question 22

The one exception is /əɹ/, which can sometimes be stressed.

Answer 22

bird /ˈbəɹd/
girl /ˈgəɹl/
earthy /ˈəɹ.θi/
unburden /ˌʌn.ˈbəɹ.dən/

Question 23

Metrical feet come in three kinds:

Answer 23

Trochees:
Iambs:
Spondees:

Question 24

: the first syllable of the foot is stressed.

Answer 24

Trochees

Question 25

Iambs:

Answer 25

the last syllable of the foot is stressed.

Question 26

Spondees:

Answer 26

both syllables of the foot are stressed.

Question 27

spanish

However, in English, pitch is the weakest indicator of stress out of the three. In Spanish, pitch is the what?

Answer 27

strongest indicator of stress.

Question 28

spanish

Spanish Stress Patterns

Answer 28

trochees

Question 29

french

In French, (____________________________________________) is often the strongest indicator of stress.

Answer 29

length

Question 30

french

, French prefers

Answer 30

iambs

Question 31

Manderin

In Mandarin, what is therefore the strongest indicator of stress

Answer 31

pitch

Question 32

mandarin

Mandarin prefers

Answer 32

trochees or iambs

Question 33

simplex.

Answer 33

When an onset consists of only one consonant

Question 34

complex.

Answer 34

When an onset consists of two or more consonants,

Question 35

consonant cluster.

Answer 35

When multiple consonants appear in a row,

Question 36

Assimilation

Answer 36

occurs when one sound changes to become more similar to a neighboring sound.

Question 37

Epenthesis

Answer 37

occurs when a sound is inserted into a word.

Question 38

spanish

If the word ends in a vowel,
If the word ends in an “n” or “s”,

Answer 38

it is a trochee.

Question 39

spanish

If the word ends in any other consonant, it is an

Answer 39

iamb.

Question 40

If there is an accent mark,

Answer 40

that syllable is stressed.

Question 41

Mandarin

Glides:

Answer 41

/j, ɥ, w/

Question 42

Mandarin

High vowels:

Answer 42

/i, y, u/

Question 43

Spanish only has two high vowels (), and only two glides ().

Answer 43

(/i, u/)
/j, w/

Question 44

Which consonants can appear in a coda of Mandarin?

Answer 44

/ɹ, n, ŋ/

Question 45

Initials

Answer 45

correspond to the first consonant of the onset, without the glide if there are two consonants.

Question 46

Finals

Answer 46

correspond to the full rhyme, including nucleus and coda, plus any second-position glide from the onset.

Question 47

Sandhi

Answer 47

A sound change that occurs because of neighboring words or morphemes.

Question 48

Dissimilation:

Answer 48

a phonological process whereby a sound or sequence of sounds changes in order to make neighboring sounds less alike.

Question 49

Mandarin Chinese has a form of sandhi that appears when ?

Answer 49

certain tones of the same type appear next to each other.

Question 50

liaison

Answer 50

Many word-final consonants become onsets for following words that begin with a vowel.
These word-final consonants are otherwise “mute”.

Question 51

Liaison can be described using an epenthesis rule.

Answer 51

Whenever a word spelled with a consonant at the end is followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the consonant sound is added to the onset of the following word.