Phonology Flashcards
inflectional suffixes
Endings that create different forms of the same word. The part of speech of the word DOES NOT CHANGE. A verb stays a verb; a noun stays a noun.
derivational suffixes
endings that CHANGE the meaning (part of speech) of the word.
houseS, eatS, finishED, finishING, bigger
What is this known as?
inflectional suffixes
Endings such as “-ism”, “-ful”, and “-fy” are called…? (i.e. desirability, predictability, historically, mechanically, driver, farmer)
derivational suffixes
root word (bound morphemes)
Morpheme that holds meaning but cannot stand alone as a word. For example, “anim” – life, spirit -> animal, animate
base word (free morphemes)
morphemes that can stand alone as words, can have affixes added to them though. For example, under, clock, bus, assist
What are the 4 main sentence structures does English has?
Declarative, interrogative, imperative. conditional
Which main sentence is this? “Julio is here. My name is Julio”
Declarative sentence: sentences used to form statements
which main sentence is this? “Where is Julio?”
Interrogative: sentences used to ask questions
Which main sentence is this? “Come here. Tell me your name.”
Imperative: Sentences used for commands
Which main sentence?
“If you cut down all the trees, there will be no forest.”
“If I had less work, I would work out more.”
Conditional: sentences used to indicate dependencies between events or conditions
A sentence made up of two independent clauses connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction
Compound sentence
“Joe had to wait for the train so he was late to work.” Which part is the independent sentence and conjunction?
Joe waited for the train. = independent clause
conjunction = so
“I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.” Which part is the independent sentence and conjunction?
Independent clause = I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station., they left….
Conjunction = But
What does FANBOYS stands for?
Coordinating conjunctions = For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Complex Sentences
Made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. “I did not see them at the station because Mary and Sam arrived at the bus station before noon”, “While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.”
adverbial clause
dependent clause that functions as an adverb, tells how? when? where? why? “he scrubbed the bathroom floor until his arm ached”
relative clause / adjectival clause
types of dependent clause that contains a subject and a verb but can’t stand alone as a sentence. gives more information about a noun describing what kind? How many? Which one? “She screamed when she saw the spider that dangled from the bathroom towel” –> tells which one
semantics
the meaning of words in a language and the meaning within the sentence
semantics focuses on three basic things. what are they?
- the relations of words to the objects denoted by them.
- the relations of words to the interpreters of them
- in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another (syntax)
denotation
dictionary defintions of words
connotations
implied meanings, feelings that words evoke
homonyms
words that are said or spelled the same way as another word BUT have a different meaning. For example, write - right, right - right, two-to-too, fair-fare
homophones
words that sound the same as another word but are spelled differently and have a different meaning. For example, prey- pray, beet-beat
homographs
words that have the same spelling but have a different sound and/or different meaning. for example, lead (to go before)-lead (metal), wind(that follow a route that is not straight)-wind (gust of air)
