Phonology

Question 1

inflectional suffixes

Answer 1

Endings that create different forms of the same word. The part of speech of the word DOES NOT CHANGE. A verb stays a verb; a noun stays a noun.

Question 2

derivational suffixes

Answer 2

endings that CHANGE the meaning (part of speech) of the word.

Question 3

houseS, eatS, finishED, finishING, bigger

What is this known as?

Answer 3

inflectional suffixes

Question 4

Endings such as “-ism”, “-ful”, and “-fy” are called…? (i.e. desirability, predictability, historically, mechanically, driver, farmer)

Answer 4

derivational suffixes

Question 5

root word (bound morphemes)

Answer 5

Morpheme that holds meaning but cannot stand alone as a word. For example, “anim” – life, spirit -> animal, animate

Question 6

base word (free morphemes)

Answer 6

morphemes that can stand alone as words, can have affixes added to them though. For example, under, clock, bus, assist

Question 7

What are the 4 main sentence structures does English has?

Answer 7

Declarative, interrogative, imperative. conditional

Question 8

Which main sentence is this? “Julio is here. My name is Julio”

Answer 8

Declarative sentence: sentences used to form statements

Question 9

which main sentence is this? “Where is Julio?”

Answer 9

Interrogative: sentences used to ask questions

Question 10

Which main sentence is this? “Come here. Tell me your name.”

Answer 10

Imperative: Sentences used for commands

Question 11

Which main sentence?
“If you cut down all the trees, there will be no forest.”
“If I had less work, I would work out more.”

Answer 11

Conditional: sentences used to indicate dependencies between events or conditions

Question 12

A sentence made up of two independent clauses connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction

Answer 12

Compound sentence

Question 13

“Joe had to wait for the train so he was late to work.” Which part is the independent sentence and conjunction?

Answer 13

Joe waited for the train. = independent clause

conjunction = so

Question 14

“I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.” Which part is the independent sentence and conjunction?

Answer 14

Independent clause = I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station., they left….
Conjunction = But

Question 15

What does FANBOYS stands for?

Answer 15

Coordinating conjunctions = For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Question 16

Complex Sentences

Answer 16

Made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. “I did not see them at the station because Mary and Sam arrived at the bus station before noon”, “While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.”

Question 17

adverbial clause

Answer 17

dependent clause that functions as an adverb, tells how? when? where? why? “he scrubbed the bathroom floor until his arm ached”

Question 18

relative clause / adjectival clause

Answer 18

types of dependent clause that contains a subject and a verb but can’t stand alone as a sentence. gives more information about a noun describing what kind? How many? Which one? “She screamed when she saw the spider that dangled from the bathroom towel” –> tells which one

Question 19

semantics

Answer 19

the meaning of words in a language and the meaning within the sentence

Question 20

semantics focuses on three basic things. what are they?

Answer 20

1. the relations of words to the objects denoted by them.
2. the relations of words to the interpreters of them
3. in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another (syntax)

Question 21

denotation

Answer 21

dictionary defintions of words

Question 22

connotations

Answer 22

implied meanings, feelings that words evoke

Question 23

homonyms

Answer 23

words that are said or spelled the same way as another word BUT have a different meaning. For example, write - right, right - right, two-to-too, fair-fare

Question 24

homophones

Answer 24

words that sound the same as another word but are spelled differently and have a different meaning. For example, prey- pray, beet-beat

Question 25

homographs

Answer 25

words that have the same spelling but have a different sound and/or different meaning. for example, lead (to go before)-lead (metal), wind(that follow a route that is not straight)-wind (gust of air)