Phonological Processes Flashcards
Final consonant deletion
Deletion of the final consonant in a word
bʊk → bʊ
kæt → kæ
fɪʃ → fɪ
Unstressed (weak) syllable deletion
Deletion of an unstressed syllable (usually @ beginning of a word, but sometimes in the middle
pəˈteɪtoʊ → teɪtoʊ
pəˈdʒæməz → dʒæmiz
Reduplication
A syllable or portion of a syllable is repeated, usually becoming CVCV
dæd → dædæ
wɑtɚ → wɑwɑ
Epenthesis
A segment, usually /ə/, is inserted.
blæk → bəlæk
swit → səwit
(fairly rare)
Metathesis
Transposition or reversal of two sounds in a word
bæskɪt → bæksɪt
spəgɛti → pʌsgɛti
Coalescence
Characteristics of features from two adjacent sounds are replaced so that one sound replaces two other sounds
swɪm → fɪm
tɹi → fi
(fairly common)
Assimilatory (harmony) processes
One sound influences another. Can be progressive (first sound influences next sound) or regressive (next sound influences first sound
Velar: dʌk → gʌk (regressive)
Nasal: kændi → næni (regressive)
Labial: bɛd → bɛb (progressive)
Velar fronting
Substitutions produced anteriorly of standard production
ki → ti
mʌnki → mʌnti
goʊ → doʊ
Backing
Sounds are replaced with segments posterior to the standard production
tæn → kæn
sɪp → ʃɪp
(disordered kids only)
Stopping
Fricatives or affricates are replaced by stops
sʌn → tʌn
pitʃ → pit
ðæt → dæt
(pretty common)
Gliding (of liquids)
Prevocalic liquids are replaced by glides
ɹʌn → wʌn
lif → wif
Affrication
Fricatives are replaced by affricates
ʃu → tʃu
sʌn → tʃun
Vocalization
Liquids or nasals are replaced by vowels
bɝd → bʌn
teɪbl → tɛboʊ
mʌðɚ → mʌðoʊ
Denasalization
Nasals are replaced by homorganic stops (place of artic. is similar to target sound)
mun → bud
Deaffrication
Affricates are replaced by fricatives (lose the stop)
tʃɪp → ʃɪp
