Phonological Processes Flashcards
Velar fronting
substitutions are produced anterior, or forward of, the standard production
key - [ti]
monkey - [munti]
go - [do]
Backing
sounds are substituted or replaced by segments produced posterior to, or further back in, the oral cavity than the standard production
tan - [kan]
do - [gu]
sip - [ship]
Stopping
fricatives or affricatives are replaced by stops
sun - [tun]
peach - [pit]
that - [dat]
Gliding of liquids
prevocalic liquids are replaced by glides
run - [wun]
yellow - [jewo]
leaf - [wif]
Affrication
fricatives are replaced with affricates
saw - [tSau]
shoe - [tSu]
sun - [tS^n]
Vocalization
liquids or nasals are replaced by vowels
bird - [b^d]
table - [tebo]
mother - [mutho]
Denasalization
nasals are replaced by homorganic stops (place of articulation is similar to target sound)
moon - [bud]
nice - [deis]
Deaffrication
affricated are replaced by fricatives
chop - [sap]
chip - [Sip]
page - [pez]
Glottal replacement
glottal stops replace sounds usually in either intervocalic or or final position
cat - [ca?]
tooth - [tu?]
bottle - [ba?l]
Prevocalic voicing
voiceless consonants (obstruents) in the prevocalic position are voiced
paper - [bepr]
Tom - [dam]
table - [debl]
Devoicing of final consonant
voiced obstruents are devoiced in final position
dog - [dok]
nose - [nos]
bed - [bet]
Final consonant deletion
deletion of the final consonant in a word
book - [bu]
cap - [ka]
Unstressed syllable deletion
an unstressed syllable is deleted, often at the beginning of a word, sometimes in the middle
potato - [teto]
telephone - [tefon]
pajamas - [djamas]
Reduplication
a syllable or a portion of a syllable is replaced or duplicated usually becoming CVCV
dad - [dada]
water - [wawa]
Consonant cluster simplification deletion
a consonant cluster is simplified in some manner. The cluster can be reduced to one member of the consonant cluster (i.e. cluster reduction), or a substitution may occur for one or more members of the cluster
stop - [top]
park - [pak]
brown - [bwon]
snow - [no]
