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Placement > Phonological processes > Flashcards

Phonological processes Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of phonological process

A
  1. substitution
  2. assimilation
  3. syllable structure
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2
Q

10 types of substitution

A
  1. backing
  2. fronting
  3. gliding
  4. stopping
  5. vowelisation
  6. affrication
  7. deaffrication
  8. alveolarisation
  9. depalatilisation
  10. labialisation
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3
Q

5 types of assimilation

A
  1. denasalisation
  2. devoicing
  3. prevocalic voicing
  4. coalescence
  5. reduplication
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4
Q

4 types of syllable structure

A
  1. cluster reduction
  2. final consonant deletion
  3. weak syllable deletion
  4. initial consonant deletion
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5
Q

what is backing

A

when a sound that is supposed to be produced in the front of the mouth (t, d) is replaced by a sound that is made in the back of the mouth

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6
Q

example of backing

A

“cap” for “tap”

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7
Q

when should backing be resolved by?

A

age 4

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8
Q

what is fronting?

A

when a sound that is supposed to be produced in the back of the mouth (k, g) is replaced by a sound that is made in the front of the mouth

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9
Q

example of fronting

A

“tat” for “cat”

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10
Q

when should fronting be resolved by?

A

age 4

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11
Q

what is gliding?

A

when the R sound is substitued for a W sound and/or the L sound is substituted for W or Y

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12
Q

example of gliding

A

“wed” for “red”
“yearn” for “learn”

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13
Q

when should gliding be resolved by?

A

age 6

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14
Q

what is stopping?

A

when ta fricative (S, F) or affricate (CH, J) is substitued with a stop consonant (G, D, T, K, B, P)

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15
Q

example of stopping

A

“tee” for “see”

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16
Q

when should stopping be resolved by?

A

F,S - age 3
Z,V - age 4
SH, CH, J, TH - age 5

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17
Q

what is vowelisation?

A

when the ER or L sound is replaced by a vowel sound

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18
Q

example of vowelisation

A

“appo” for “apple”

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19
Q

when should vowelisation be resolved by?

A

age 6

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20
Q

what is affrication

A

when a non-affricate sound is replaced by an affricate sound

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21
Q

example of affrication

A

“joor” for “door”

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22
Q

when should affrication be resolved by?

A

age 3

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23
Q

what is deaffrication?

A

when an affricate sound is replaced by a fricative sound

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24
Q

example of deaffrication

A

“chip” for “ship”

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25
Q

when should deaffrication be resolved by?

A

age 4

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26
Q

what is alveolarisation?

A

when a non-alveolar sound is replaced by an alveolar sound

27
Q

example of alveolarisation

A

“tea” for “she”

28
Q

when should alveolarisation be resolved by?

A

age 5

29
Q

what is depalatilisation

A

when a palatal sound is replaced by a non-palatal sound

30
Q

example of depalatalisation

A

“fit” for “fish”

31
Q

when should depalatilisation be resolved by?

A

age 5

32
Q

what is labialisation?

A

when a non-labial sound is replaced by a labial sound

33
Q

example of labialisation

A

“poe” for “toe”

34
Q

when should labialisation be resolved by

A

age 6

35
Q

what is substitution as a phonological process

A

when one sound is substituted for another

36
Q

what is assimilation as a phonological process

A

consonant harmony: one sound becomes the same as another sound in the word

37
Q

what is denasalisation?

A

nasal sound changes to nonnasal sound

38
Q

example of nasalisation

A

“dore” for “more”

39
Q

when should denasalisation by resolved by?

A

age 2.5

40
Q

what is devoicing

A

voiced consonant (b, d) at the end of the word is substituted with voiceless consonant (p, t)

41
Q

example of devoicing

A

“tup” for “tub”

42
Q

when should devoicing be resolved by?

A

age 3

43
Q

what is coalescence

A

when characteristics of two features from two adjacent consonants are combined so that one sound replaces two consonants

44
Q

example of coalescence

A

“file” for “smile”
“foon” for “spoon”

45
Q

when should coalescence be resolved by?

A

age 6

46
Q

what is prevocalic voicing

A

voiceless consonant (k, f) at the beginning of word is substituted for a voiced consonant (g, v)

47
Q

example of prevocalic voicing

A

“gup” for “cup”

48
Q

what age should prevocalic voicing be resolved by?

A

age 6

49
Q

what is reduplication

A

a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated

50
Q

example of reduplication

A

“baba” for “bottle”

51
Q

what age should reduplication be resolved by?

A

age 3

52
Q

what is syllable structure as a phonological process

A

changes that affect the syllable structure of a word

53
Q

what is cluster reduction

A

when a consonant cluster is simplified into a single consonant

54
Q

example of cluster reduction

A

“kown” for “clown”

55
Q

when should cluster reduction be resolved by?

A

with S: age 5
without S: age 4

56
Q

what is final consonant deletion?

A

when the final consonant in a word is deleted

57
Q

example of final consonant deletion

A

“bu” for “book”

58
Q

when should final consonant deletion be resolved by?

A

age 3

59
Q

what is weak syllable deletion

A

when an unstressed syllable in a word is deleted

60
Q

example of weak syllable deletion

A

“tato” for “potato”

61
Q

when should weak syllable deletion be resolved by?

A

age 4

62
Q

what is initial consonant deletion

A

deletion of initial consonant in word

63
Q

example of initial consonant deletion

A

“up” for “cup”

64
Q

unusual phonological processes (2)

A

initial consonant deletion
backing

Placement (4 decks)

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