Phonological Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Gliding

A

A liquid consonant is produced as a glide e.g. w/l, j/l, w/r

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1
Q

Vocalization

A

The vowel substituted for a syllable consonant, usually a liquid e.g. bado for bottle

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2
Q

Velar fronting

A

An alveolar or dental replaces a velar

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3
Q

Stopping

A

a fricative or affricate is replaced by a stop e.g. tu for shoe

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4
Q

Depalatalization

A

An alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate e.g. wats for watch

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5
Q

Affrication

A

Affricate is produced in place of a fricative or stop

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6
Q

Deaffrication

A

Fricative replaces an affricate

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7
Q

Backing

A

A posteriorly placed consonant is produced instead of an anteriorly placed consonant (velars are substituted for alveolars)

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8
Q

Glottal replacement

A

A glottal stop is produced in place of another consonant

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9
Q

Distortion

A

A speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the correct sound but is not produced exactly correct

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10
Q

Omission

A

A speech production air in which required sound or omitted in words, greatest impact on intelligibility

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11
Q

Apraxia of speech

A

CNS damage makes it difficult to program the precise movements necessary for smoothly articulated speech, apraxia of speech is a motor programming disorder

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12
Q

Phonemic

A

Abstract system of sounds, the description of /t/ is phonemic and is placed in // marks

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14
Q

Phonetic

A

Concrete productions of specific sounds, the specific sound production of a speaker would be indicated in brackets [ ]

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

Speech sounds or modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds, for example in the phrase “great zoo”, the /z/ in zoo is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the preceding word

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16
Q

Prevocalic

A

Consonants/consonant cluster preceding a vowel

17
Q

Intervocalic

A

Consonants/consonant clusters occurring between two vowels

18
Q

Postvocalic

A

Consonant/consonant clusters following a vowel

19
Q

Markedness

A

Refers to sounds that are more difficult to produce and are found less frequently in languages

20
Q

Metalinguistic

A

The ability to think about and reflect on the nature of language and how it functions

21
Q

Myofunctional disorders

A

The tongue moves forward in an exaggerated way during speech and/or swallowing

22
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Commonly known as tongue-tied, short lingual frenulum

23
Q

Micrognathia

A

Referring to an unusually small mandible

24
Q

Prognathia

A

Referring to a marked projection of the jaw

25
Q

Distinctive feature theory

A

Similarities and differences between the target phoneme and the substitution can be clearly ascertained, theory allows for comparison of several sound substitutions to the target phoneme

26
Q

Minimal Pair

A

Words that differ and only one phoneme value among their sound constituents e.g. book vs cook

27
Q

Phonetic placement method

A

A motor-based approach, used when the client cannot imitate the model production of a phoneme such as /r/

28
Q

Phonotactics

A

Description of the allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language

29
Q

Diacritical marks

A

Because a given phoneme may have a large number of allophonic variants, phonetic symbols may be modified by the special marks

30
Q

Nazalization

A

~ placed above nasalized phoneme