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Literacy Methods > Phonics Exam > Flashcards

Phonics Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to manipulate the sounds in words orally

A

Phonemic Awareness

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2
Q

A written representation of a sound using one or more letters

A

Grapheme

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3
Q

A sound; it is represented with slashes (e.g., /s/ and /th/)

A

Phoneme

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4
Q

A voiced speech sound made without friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (e.g., a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y)

A

Vowel

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5
Q

A speech sound characterized by friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (usually any letter except a, e, i, o, and u)

A

Consonant

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6
Q

The vowel sounds represented by /ă/ as in cat

A

Short Vowels

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7
Q

The vowel sounds that are also names of the alphabet letters: /ā/ as in make

A

Long Vowels

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8
Q

To combine the sounds represented by letter to pronounce a word

A

Blend or Blending

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9
Q

To pronounce a word slowly, saying each sound distinctly

A

Segment or Segmenting

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10
Q

The sound that starts the word

A

Initial

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11
Q

Sound in the middle of the word

A

Medial

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12
Q

Sound at the end of the word

A

Final

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13
Q

Two adjacent consonants that represent a sound not represented by either consonant alone

A

Consonant digraph

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14
Q 
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
th - this
ch - chin
sh - wash 
ph - telephone
A

Consonant digraph

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15
Q

Two or more adjacent vowels in a syllable that represent a single sound. Ex: nail or snow

A

Vowel digraph

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16
Q 
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
bread
eight
pain
saw
A

Vowel digraph

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17
Q

A rime or word family

A

Phonograms

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18
Q

The following are examples of _________

bill, gill, hill, chill, will, quill, thrill

A

Phonograms/Word Families

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19
Q

The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that comes before the vowel

A

Onset

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20
Q

What is the onset in the word string?

What is the rime in the word string?

A

Onset: str-
Rime: -ing

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21
Q

The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that begins with the vowel

A

Rime

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22
Q

When one or more vowels in a word are followed by an r. The r influences the pronunciation of the vowel sound

A

R-controlled vowels

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23
Q

The vowels in the unaccented syllables of multisyllabic words are often softened and pronounced “uh”, for example: about, machine, zebra, selection, tunnel

A

Schwa

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24
Q

A one-syllable word that has only one vowel and the vowel becomes two consonants

A

CVC Words

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25
Q

When there are two vowels in a one-syllable word and one of them is an e at the end of the word. The first vowel is long and the final e is silent

A

CVCe or Final E Words

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26
Q

Words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings. For example: a baseball bat vs. the animal that is called a bat

A

Homographic Homophones

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27
Q

Words that are spelled alike but are pronounced differently. Ex: present (as in a presentation) and present (gift)

A

Homographs

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28
Q

Words that sound alike but are spelled differently. Ex: sea and see, their they’re and there

A

Homonyms

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29
Q

Added to the beginning of a word. Ex: re- added to the word replay

A

Prefix

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30
Q

Added to the end of the word. Ex: -ing added to the word playing

A

Suffix

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31
Q

Matching letters to sounds, blending sounds to form words, and decoding and spelling vowel patterns

A

Graphophenemic relationships

32
Q

Occur when two or three consonants appear next to each other in words and their individual sounds are “blended” together, as in the words - grass, belt, and spring.

A

Consonant blends

33
Q

When two vowels represent a glide from one sound to another. For example: oi and oy

A

Vowel diphthong

34
Q

Forming or dividing words into syllables

A

Syllabication

35
Q

When children begin to make sense of the alphabetic code, what three activities do they do?

A

1 - Phonemic awareness
2 - Phonics
3 - Spelling

36
Q

What does phonemic awareness primarily deal with?

A

Sounds

37
Q

Why is phonemic awareness important?

A
  • Provides a foundation for phonics and spelling
  • Prerequisite for reading
  • Most powerful predictor of later reading achievement
38
Q

Phonemes are the smallest unit of _______

A

Sound

39
Q

When phonemes are written down, they are called _______

A

Graphemes

40
Q

What are some examples of phonemic activities?

A
  • Identifying sounds in words
  • Categorizing sounds in words
  • Blending sounds in words
  • Segmenting sounds in words
  • Singing songs/Nursery rhymes
  • Rhyming
  • Reading aloud books with word play
41
Q

True of False: There is a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes

A

False. There is NOT a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes

42
Q

How many graphemes are there?

A

26

43
Q

How many phonemes are there?

A

44

44
Q

How many ways are there to represent phonemes?

A

Over 500

45
Q

How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word KITE

A

4 graphemes

3 phonemes

46
Q

How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word PANCAKE

A

7 graphemes

3 phonemes

47
Q

All phonemes are classified as either consonants or ______

A

Vowels

48
Q

_____ are usually taught first because they consistently represent a single sound (phoneme)

A

Consonants

49
Q

Name some “hard c” words

A

Cat, car, cut, cough, can, crayon, cave, cup, cone, corn, color, cry, call, crown

50
Q

Name some “soft c” words

A

City, ice, cycle, cent, center, cell, ceiling

51
Q

Name some “hard g” words

A

Gate, good, grape, great, goat, gum, gift, grade, get, girl

52
Q

Name some “soft g” words

A

Gem, gypsy, genuine, gentleman, giraffe

53
Q

When two or three consonants appear next to each other and their individual sounds are blended together, they are called _________

A

Consonant Blends

54
Q

Name some consonant blends

A

BLend, PLug, FLag, PRize, SMall, PLant, BLoom, etc.

55
Q

When consonants are put together in letter combinations representing a single sound, they are called _______

A

Consonant Digraphs

56
Q

Name some consonant digraphs

A

Any words with sh, ch, th, wh, and ph. Ex: chop, wish, chair, share, that, thing, chin, ship, mash, etc.

57
Q

The five typical vowels are…

A

a, e, i, o, and u

58
Q

What two consonants become vowels when used in the middle and end of words?

A

W and Y

59
Q

Vowels can be either long or ______.

A

Short

60
Q

______ words are usually taught first because of their predictable nature and the vowel is usually short

A

CVC words

61
Q

Name some examples of CVC words

A

Cat, hug, bug, map, bit, mad, mug, tug, bed, fed, rug, hat, van, mat, etc.

62
Q

_____ vowels are usually spelled with two vowels unless it is at the end of a one-syllable word

A

Long

63
Q

Most vowel combinations are called ______

A

Vowel Digraphs

64
Q

Name some words with an r-controlled vowel

A

mORe, fIRst, gARden, spidER, stAR, sIR

65
Q

Are r-controlled vowels long or short?

A

Neither!

66
Q

Divide the following words into onsets and rimes: ball, show, black, slice, quit

A 
b-all
sh-ow
bl-ack
sl-ice
q-uit
67
Q

Teachers usually refer to onsets, rimes, and phonograms as _______

A

Word Families (the term word families, phonograms, and onset-rimes are often interchanged and mean the same thing)

68
Q

True or false: very few phonics rules can be applied in 100% of situations

A

True

69
Q

How should phonics be taught?

A

Direct instruction and authentic applications

70
Q

Phonics should be taught in a _______ nature with the ______ concepts being taught first.

A

Sequential

Simplest

71
Q

In what order would you teach the following phonics concepts: r-controlled, CVC words, consonants, long vowels, short vowels, CVCe words, hard and soft sounds

A
  1. Consonants
  2. Short vowels
  3. CVC words
  4. Long Vowels (hearing them in words)
  5. CVCe Words
  6. Hard and Soft C & G
  7. R-controlled vowels
72
Q

Give examples of vowel diphthongs

A

Boy, boil, toy, foil, oil

73
Q

Give examples of common long vowel digraphs

A

Day, way, drain, stain, main, brain, may, stay

74
Q

Give examples of long vowel CVCe words

A

Name, made, ice, kite, nice, five

75
Q

Give an example of a phonogram (word families)

A 
-ig 
wig
pig
rig
big
dig

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