Phonics Exam Flashcards
The ability to manipulate the sounds in words orally
Phonemic Awareness
A written representation of a sound using one or more letters
Grapheme
A sound; it is represented with slashes (e.g., /s/ and /th/)
Phoneme
A voiced speech sound made without friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (e.g., a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y)
Vowel
A speech sound characterized by friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (usually any letter except a, e, i, o, and u)
Consonant
The vowel sounds represented by /ă/ as in cat
Short Vowels
The vowel sounds that are also names of the alphabet letters: /ā/ as in make
Long Vowels
To combine the sounds represented by letter to pronounce a word
Blend or Blending
To pronounce a word slowly, saying each sound distinctly
Segment or Segmenting
The sound that starts the word
Initial
Sound in the middle of the word
Medial
Sound at the end of the word
Final
Two adjacent consonants that represent a sound not represented by either consonant alone
Consonant digraph
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ th - this ch - chin sh - wash ph - telephone
Consonant digraph
Two or more adjacent vowels in a syllable that represent a single sound. Ex: nail or snow
Vowel digraph
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bread eight pain saw
Vowel digraph
A rime or word family
Phonograms
The following are examples of _________
bill, gill, hill, chill, will, quill, thrill
Phonograms/Word Families
The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that comes before the vowel
Onset
What is the onset in the word string?
What is the rime in the word string?
Onset: str-
Rime: -ing
The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that begins with the vowel
Rime
When one or more vowels in a word are followed by an r. The r influences the pronunciation of the vowel sound
R-controlled vowels
The vowels in the unaccented syllables of multisyllabic words are often softened and pronounced “uh”, for example: about, machine, zebra, selection, tunnel
Schwa
A one-syllable word that has only one vowel and the vowel becomes two consonants
CVC Words
When there are two vowels in a one-syllable word and one of them is an e at the end of the word. The first vowel is long and the final e is silent
CVCe or Final E Words
Words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings. For example: a baseball bat vs. the animal that is called a bat
Homographic Homophones
Words that are spelled alike but are pronounced differently. Ex: present (as in a presentation) and present (gift)
Homographs
Words that sound alike but are spelled differently. Ex: sea and see, their they’re and there
Homonyms
Added to the beginning of a word. Ex: re- added to the word replay
Prefix
Added to the end of the word. Ex: -ing added to the word playing
Suffix
Matching letters to sounds, blending sounds to form words, and decoding and spelling vowel patterns
Graphophenemic relationships
Occur when two or three consonants appear next to each other in words and their individual sounds are “blended” together, as in the words - grass, belt, and spring.
Consonant blends
When two vowels represent a glide from one sound to another. For example: oi and oy
Vowel diphthong
Forming or dividing words into syllables
Syllabication
When children begin to make sense of the alphabetic code, what three activities do they do?
1 - Phonemic awareness
2 - Phonics
3 - Spelling
What does phonemic awareness primarily deal with?
Sounds
Why is phonemic awareness important?
- Provides a foundation for phonics and spelling
- Prerequisite for reading
- Most powerful predictor of later reading achievement
Phonemes are the smallest unit of _______
Sound
When phonemes are written down, they are called _______
Graphemes
What are some examples of phonemic activities?
- Identifying sounds in words
- Categorizing sounds in words
- Blending sounds in words
- Segmenting sounds in words
- Singing songs/Nursery rhymes
- Rhyming
- Reading aloud books with word play
True of False: There is a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes
False. There is NOT a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes
How many graphemes are there?
26
How many phonemes are there?
44
How many ways are there to represent phonemes?
Over 500
How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word KITE
4 graphemes
3 phonemes
How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word PANCAKE
7 graphemes
3 phonemes
All phonemes are classified as either consonants or ______
Vowels
_____ are usually taught first because they consistently represent a single sound (phoneme)
Consonants
Name some “hard c” words
Cat, car, cut, cough, can, crayon, cave, cup, cone, corn, color, cry, call, crown
Name some “soft c” words
City, ice, cycle, cent, center, cell, ceiling
Name some “hard g” words
Gate, good, grape, great, goat, gum, gift, grade, get, girl
Name some “soft g” words
Gem, gypsy, genuine, gentleman, giraffe
When two or three consonants appear next to each other and their individual sounds are blended together, they are called _________
Consonant Blends
Name some consonant blends
BLend, PLug, FLag, PRize, SMall, PLant, BLoom, etc.
When consonants are put together in letter combinations representing a single sound, they are called _______
Consonant Digraphs
Name some consonant digraphs
Any words with sh, ch, th, wh, and ph. Ex: chop, wish, chair, share, that, thing, chin, ship, mash, etc.
The five typical vowels are…
a, e, i, o, and u
What two consonants become vowels when used in the middle and end of words?
W and Y
Vowels can be either long or ______.
Short
______ words are usually taught first because of their predictable nature and the vowel is usually short
CVC words
Name some examples of CVC words
Cat, hug, bug, map, bit, mad, mug, tug, bed, fed, rug, hat, van, mat, etc.
_____ vowels are usually spelled with two vowels unless it is at the end of a one-syllable word
Long
Most vowel combinations are called ______
Vowel Digraphs
Name some words with an r-controlled vowel
mORe, fIRst, gARden, spidER, stAR, sIR
Are r-controlled vowels long or short?
Neither!
Divide the following words into onsets and rimes: ball, show, black, slice, quit
b-all sh-ow bl-ack sl-ice q-uit
Teachers usually refer to onsets, rimes, and phonograms as _______
Word Families (the term word families, phonograms, and onset-rimes are often interchanged and mean the same thing)
True or false: very few phonics rules can be applied in 100% of situations
True
How should phonics be taught?
Direct instruction and authentic applications
Phonics should be taught in a _______ nature with the ______ concepts being taught first.
Sequential
Simplest
In what order would you teach the following phonics concepts: r-controlled, CVC words, consonants, long vowels, short vowels, CVCe words, hard and soft sounds
- Consonants
- Short vowels
- CVC words
- Long Vowels (hearing them in words)
- CVCe Words
- Hard and Soft C & G
- R-controlled vowels
Give examples of vowel diphthongs
Boy, boil, toy, foil, oil
Give examples of common long vowel digraphs
Day, way, drain, stain, main, brain, may, stay
Give examples of long vowel CVCe words
Name, made, ice, kite, nice, five
Give an example of a phonogram (word families)
-ig wig pig rig big dig
