Phonetique + letters Flashcards
use [i] for what letters?
i
î
ï
y
exceptions for “ai” = [ɛ]
“ail” and “aill” = [aj]
“aï” = [a i]
“ay” in forms of pays = [pe i]
“ai” in forms of faire with 2 syllables = [ə]
exceptions for “e” = [ɛ]
when “e” is before “mm” or “nn” is it [a]
use [a] for what letters?
a
oi
e + “mm” or “nn”
vocal harmonisation
With open ending syllables: the [ɛ] becomes [e] in a word if it is followed by a closed vowel sound: [e], [i], [y]
ex. sèche = [sɛʃ] and séché = [se ʃe]
* but never when the internal syllable is closed
use [y] for what letters?
u
û
exception: past particle of avoir: “eu” = [y]
use [ø] for what letters?
eu
oeu
*use when the syllable is open (or when followed by z)
use [œ] for what letters?
oeu
*use when syllable is closed (i.e. consonant after is pronounced)
use [u] for what letters?
ou
où
oû
use [o] for what letters?
o ô eau au (use in open syllables)
use [ɔ] for what letters?
o
au
-um (ending only)
(use in closed syllables)
use [ɑ̃] for what letters?
an am en em aen aon
use [ɛ̃] for what letters?
aim ain eim ein im in ym yn un um except: sometimes the ending -um = [ɔm]
use [ɔ̃] for what letters?
on
om
when to make the vowel nasal at the end of words
- if it’s followed by -n or -m
- if there are other consonants after -n or -m
- if there are other consonants after -n or -m and a silent “e” (or-ent)
when to make the vowel oral at the end of words
-if it’s followed by -nn or -mm or -n or -m and a silent “e”
when to make the vowel nasal within words
-if the “n” or “m” is followed by a pronounced consonant or more than one pronounced consonant
when to make the vowel oral within words
- if it’s followed by “n” or “m” or “nn” or “mm” and then a vowel
- the prefix em- and en- are always nasal even if followed by an “n” or “m”
bien
[bjɛ̃]
et
[e]
que
[kə]
juillet
[ʒɥi jɛ]
écueil
[e kœj]
un
[ɛ̃]
exceptions for “en” = [ɑ̃]
examen = [eg za mɛ̃] agenda = [a ʒɛ̃ da] ending -ien = [jɛ̃] ending -éen = [ɛ̃] ending -yen = [jɛ̃]
use [ɛ] for what letters? (Endings)
- et
- ai + …
- (e, è, ê, ai, ei) + C (because always use [ɛ] when syllable is closed)
Messieurs
[me sjø]
les voyelles arrondie
[y] [ø] [œ] [ə] [u] [o] [ɔ̃] [ɔ]
les voyelles écartée
[e] [a] [i] [ɛ] [ɛ̃] [ɑ̃]
h aspiré words
haut
hoqueté [ɔk te]
ancien
[ɑ̃ sjɛ̃]
huit
[ɥi]
un
[y]
mieux
[mjø]
before an h apsiré
interdit
before “huit “ or “onze”
interdit
singular noun + adjective
interdit
nominal group + verb
interdit: “les president X apparait”
multi-syllable pronoun + verb
interdit: “quelqu’un X éspère”
after inversion
interdit
interrogative word + verb
interdit
after “et”
interdit
plural noun + adjective
facultative
verb + verb
facultative
verb + adverb
facultative: “est encore”
after negation
facultative
after multi-syllable adverbs
facultative: “assez, extrememant”
after “mais”
facultative
multi-syllable prepositions
facultative: “après, avant, depuis, devant, pendant, durant, suivant”
interdit exceptions
“comment allez-vous?”
“Qaund est-ce que…”
“Un accent aigu.”
subject pronoun + verb
obligatoire: “vous ètes”
subject pronoun + object pronoun
obligatoire: “je vous y…”
object pronoun + pronoun
obligatoire
