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Phonetics > Phonetics terminology > Flashcards

Phonetics terminology Flashcards

1
Q

accent

A

difference in pronunciation related to geography

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2
Q

advanced

A

sounds that are produced closer to the front of the vocal tract *also known as fronting

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3
Q

active

A

used to describe an articulator that moves during the production of a sound

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4
Q

affricate

A

sound produced using a closure and narrow release of air, combination of stop and fricative (manner of articulation)

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5
Q

allophones

A

Allophones – different variations of the same phoneme: e.g. /t/ produced with aspiration, dentalised, velarised etc.

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6
Q

alveolar

A

sound produced using tongue making contact with the alveolar ridge (place of articulation)

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7
Q

apical

A

using the tip of the tongue as an articulator

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8
Q

approximant

A

sound produced by bringing one articulator close to another without actually touching it (manner of articulation)

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9
Q

articulation

A

use of the vocal organs (articulators) to modify airflow into speech sounds

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10
Q

aspiration

A

producing a sound with an exhalation of breath

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11
Q

assimilation

A

when a sound changes as a result of the surrounding sounds (e.g. handbag should be produced as /ˈhændˌbæɡ/) but is often pronounced as /ˈhæmbæɡ/ in rapid speech. It is easier to produce a /m/ rather than the /nd/ because /m/ and /b/ are both bilabial consonants (easier to use the same place of articulation rather than shifting between different places of articulation for /n/ and then /d/).

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12
Q

backing

A

sounds that are produced closer to the back of the vocal tract

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13
Q

bernoulli effect

A

suction at the base of the vocal chords caused by pressure in the vocal chords – part of the phonation cycle in voicing

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14
Q

bilabial

A

sound produced using both lips (place of articulation)

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15
Q

breathy voice

A

voice with slight vocal chord vibration and air escaping

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16
Q

broad transcription

A

simplest set of symbols; how the sounds should sound in RP

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17
Q

centralised

A

when a vowel is produced with the tongue halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel

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18
Q

closure

A

when the vocal chords close together

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19
Q

co-articulation

A

when a sound’s production is influenced by a the preceding or the following sound

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20
Q

coda

A

the last sound in a word following the peak vowel sound

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21
Q

contoid

A
  • sounds made with a closure in the oral cavity to produce friction (consonants)
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22
Q

coronal

A

sounds produced using the tip of the tongue (dental, alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex)

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23
Q

creaky voice

A

voice with individual pulses of vibration of the vocal chords

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24
Q

dental

A

sound produced using teeth (place of articulation) > dentalised = use of the teeth as an additional articulator

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25
Q

dialect

A

variety of language with its own grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation

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26
Q

dipthong

A

two vowels combined into a single syllable

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27
Q

dorsal

A

sounds produced using the body of the tongue (palatal, velar, uvular)

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28
Q

egressive airflow

A

sounds that use airflow that leaves the body through the mouth

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29
Q

ejective

A

– stop sound produced by egressive airflow in the glottis (airflow trapped between the glottis and larynx that escapes through the mouth (manner of articulation)

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30
Q

elision

A

when a whole segment of a word gets omitted (e.g suppose > spose)

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31
Q

epenthesis

A

insertion of an additional sound in a word (e.g. hamster > hampster)

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32
Q

fricative

A

ound produced by narrow constriction of airflow through the articulators (manner of articulation)

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33
Q

glide

A

an approximant without obstruction in the centre of the mouth (e.g. y sound /j/) *also known as a semivowel (manner of articulation)

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34
Q

glottal

A

sound produced by using the glottis to constrict airflow (place of articulation)

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35
Q

glottalised

A

complete or partial closure of the vocal chords in sounds that aren’t normally glottal

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36
Q

haplology

A

when a whole syllable is omitted from a word (e.g. probably > probly)

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37
Q

homorganic

A

sounds that are produced in the same place of articulation (e.g. /p, b, m/)

38
Q

implosive

A

sound produced using ingressive airflow in the glottis (airflow trapped between the glottis and the larynx enters through the mouth) (manner of articulation)

39
Q

Ingressive airflow

A

sounds that use airflow that comes into the body through the mouth

40
Q

initiation

A

supply of airflow to the system

41
Q

labiodental

A

sound produced using teeth and lips (place of articulation)

42
Q

labial

A

sounds produced using the lips (bilablial, labiodental) (place of articulation)

43
Q

labialised

A

use of the lips as additional articulators

44
Q

laminal

A

using the blade of the tongue as an articulator

45
Q

lateral approximant

A

sound produced by bringing one articulator close to another without actually touching it, airflow passes down the sides of the tongue (manner of articulation)

46
Q

lateral fricative

A

a fricative produced by constricting airflow down the sides of the tongue (manner of articulation)

47
Q

larynx

A

ontains the vocal chords, tongue root, epiglottis and top of the trachea

48
Q

lexical sets

A

standard way to refer to specific vowels (e.g. FOOT vowel; used in should, good, wool) Wells 1982

49
Q

liquid

A

a voiced lateral approximant (/l/ in led, /ɹ/ in red)

50
Q

lowered

A

when the tongue is lowered in vowel production

51
Q

narrow transcription

A

Transcription with most phonetic detail

52
Q

nasal

A

sound produced using airflow from the nasal cavity (manner of articulation)

53
Q

nasalised

A

use of the nasal cavity as an additional articulator

54
Q

non pulmonic

A

sounds produced where air from the lungs is trapped between the larynx and the glottis

55
Q

obstruents

A

sounds involving a blockage of airflow (stops & fricatives)

56
Q

onset

A

the first sound in a word (cat)

57
Q

palatal

A

sound produced with the tongue making contact with the hard palate (place of articulation)

58
Q

palatalised

A

use of the palate as an additional articulator

59
Q

passive

A

used to describe an articulator that doesn’t move during the production of a sound

60
Q

peak

A

the main vowel sound in a word

61
Q

pharyngeal

A

sound produced using the root of the tongue and the pharynx (place of articulation)

62
Q

pharyngealised

A

use of constriction of the pharynx as an additional articulator

63
Q

phonation

A

modification of the airflow at the larynx

64
Q

phonemic transcription

A

broad transcription of RP //

65
Q

phonetic transcription

A

narrow transcription of individual speaker use []

66
Q

phonotactics

A

the allowed arrangements of phonemes for a specific language

67
Q

plosive

A

sound produced by stopping airflow then a sudden release (manner of articulation)

68
Q

post-alveolar

A

sound produced with the tongue making contact just after the alveolar ridge (place of articulation)

69
Q

postvocalic

A

a consonant that occurs after a vowel

70
Q

pulmonic

A

Uses the lungs

71
Q

radical

A

sounds produced using the root of the tongue or the glottis

72
Q

raised

A

when the tongue is raised in vowel production

73
Q

reduction

A

shortening of a vowel in a certain context

74
Q

retroflex

A

sound produced with the tip of the tongue curled up towards the hard palate (place of articulation)

75
Q

rhoticity

A

adding an r sound to another sound

76
Q

rounded

A

producing a sound whilst rounding the lips

77
Q

RP

A

recieved pronounciation- a non localised accent that is the standard used for transcription

78
Q

sociolinguistics

A

variations in speech related to social factors (gender, class, SES)

79
Q

sonorant

A

sounds with no blockage of airflow (vowels, glides, liquid and nasal consonants)

80
Q

stops

A

sounds that involve a stoppage of airflow in the vocal tract /b p d t g k/

81
Q

stress

A

degree of emphasis given to a specific sound

82
Q

supralaryngeal

A

any articulator above the larynx

83
Q

tap

A

sound produced when the tongue rapidly hits another articulator once (manner of articulation)

84
Q

trill

A

sound produced by rapid vibration of the tongue against the hard palate, soft palate or uvula (manner of articulation)

85
Q

uvular

A

sound produced using the back of the tongue and the uvula (place of articulation)

86
Q

velar

A

sound produced with the back of the tongue making contact with the velum (place of articulation)

87
Q

velarised

A

used of the velum as an additional articulator

88
Q

voice onset time

A

the period between the release of the closure for the stop and the start of the vocal fold vibration

89
Q

voiced

A

vibration of the vocal chords

90
Q

voiceless

A

no vibration of the vocal chords

91
Q

vocoid

A

sound made with an open oral cavity and no friction in the mouth (all vowels and /j/ and /w/)

92
Q

whisper

A

sound produced with no vocal fold vibration

Phonetics (1 decks)

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