phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicology Flashcards
define phonetics
phonetics = study of sounds from all languages
define phonology
it is how sounds are organised
list teh places of articulation
bilabial, labial-dental, dental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar, glottal
define the bilabial, labiodental, dental, velar and glottal places of articulation
bilabial - both lips (b)
dental - tongue tip between or just behind teeth (th)
labiodental - lower lip + top teeth (f)
velar - back of tongue + soft palate/velar (cr)
glottal - space between vocal chords (glottis) (h)
describe the alveolar, alveopalatal, and palatal places of articulation
alveolar - tongue tip + alveolar ridge/teeth ridge (t)
palatal - tongue front + hard palate (y)
alveopalatal - tongue tip just behind alveolar ridge + tongue body raised towards the hard palate (sh)
what is one difference between the pronunciation of vowels and consonants
vowels - air isnt blocked on way from lungs but pronounced based of lip and tongue position
consonants - air is blocked in some way when pronounced
what are the connected speech processes - describe each
elision (get rid of sound), assimilation (sound now sounds like another sound in the word), insertion (put new sound in), vowel reduction (sound now = schwa)
what is the function of stress in a word or phrase
provides additional meaning and context - changes the meaning of a sentence
what are the types of assimilation
progressive - sound is effected by a proceeding sound (eg. dog now sounds like dod)
regressive - sound is changed by a sound later in the word (eg. dog is now gog)
what are common nouns
refer to something general which can be either abstract or concrete (eg. chair)
what are reflexive pronouns
in a sentence they refer to both the subject and the object
-> usually end in self/selves (eg. ourselves)
what are personal pronouns and what are the two different types
personal pronouns refer to the object, the subject or a third party
they can either be subjective (start of the sentence) or objective (end of the sentence)
what are particles
they are words, usually an adverb, that is found after a verb to form a phrasal verb such as kick down
what are direct and indirect objects
direct objects are the recipient of the verb (she kicked the door)
indirect objects are not the recipient of the verb (she went to england) - can be the recipient of teh direct object
describe transitive, intransitive and ditransitive verbs
transitive verbs have a direct object (Jennifer loves playing the piano)
intransitive verbs have an indirect object (she went to teh supermarket)
ditransitive verbs have a direct and indirect object (he bought me a new coat where me is the indirect object and the coat is the direct object because the coat is bought which affects the person teh coat is bought for)
