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Phonetics > Phonetics Exam 1 > Flashcards

Phonetics Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Branches of Phonetics

A

acoustic, physiological, perceptual, clinical

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2
Q

Phonetics

A

study of the production and perception of sounds

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3
Q

acoustic phonetics

A

acoustic properties of speech sounds

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4
Q

physiological phonetics

A

anatomy and physiology of speech production and perception

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5
Q

perceptual phonetics

A

psychological responses to sounds

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6
Q

clinical phonetics

A

speech perception and production that differs from the norm

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7
Q

phonology

A

study of the linguistic rules that specify the manner in which phonemes are organized and combined into syllables, words, and sentences

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8
Q

phonemic

A

relating to phonemes or analysis using phonemes

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9
Q

IPA

A

International phonetic alphabet: alphabet used to represent the sounds of the world’s languages

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10
Q

why do we use IPA

A

we use it so its a universal; alphabet between all languages

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11
Q

diacritic

A

specialized phonetic symbol used in narrow transcription to represent both allophonic production as well as suprasegmental features of speech. Allows us to differentiate variations in speech sound production.

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12
Q

Broad transcription

A

phonemes without identifying every allophone: / /

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13
Q

narrow transcription

A

particular allophones for each sound: [ ]

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14
Q

graphemes

A

letters of the alphabet

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15
Q

allographs

A

different ways of spelling the same sound

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16
Q

digraphs

A

pairs of letters that make up 1 sound (ex. Sh)

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17
Q

categories for classifying sounds (consonants)

A

1) bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal.
2) voiced or voiceless
3) stops, fricatives, affricatives, nasals, liquids, glides

18
Q

categories for classifying sounds (vowels)

A

1) high, mid, low

2) front, center, back

19
Q

articulatory characteristics (consonants)

A

voicing, manner, and place

20
Q

articulatory characteristics (vowels)

A

tongue height, tongue advancement, tense/lax, and lip rounding

21
Q

phone

A

refers to a given speech sound

22
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest unit of a language to carry meaning

23
Q

minimal pairs/contrasts

A

two words that differ by 1 phoneme in the same location

24
Q

allophone

A

different ways of saying the same sound

25
Q

free variation

A

allophone production that is not tied to a particular phonetic environment (ex. spa)

26
Q

complementary distribution

A

allophone production that is tied to a particular phonetic environment (ex. can)

27
Q

syllables

A

unit of speech consisting of 1 vowel and possible 1 or more consonants

28
Q

parts of a syllable

A

onset, rhyme, nucleus, and coda

29
Q

onset

A

initial consonant

30
Q

rhyme

A

vowels and final consonants

31
Q

nucleus

A

vowels or nasal sounds

32
Q

coda

A

consonants follow a nucleus

33
Q

syllabic consonant

A

consonant that serves as the nucleus of a syllable (l, m, n)

34
Q

stress

A

primary and secondary

35
Q

primary stress

A

the syllable with stronger stress, if there is more than one

36
Q

secondary stress

A

other stressed syllables in a word

37
Q

respiratory system

A

lungs, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, ribs, external intercostal muscle, sternum

38
Q

lungs

A

expand, air pressure inside decreases where air pressure outside is greater creating negative pressure for air to be sucked in

39
Q

exhalation

A

internal intercostal muscle, expulsion of air through the trachea, and reverse of inhalation

40
Q

trachea

A

tube with cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissue

41
Q

laryngeal system

A

larynx, hyoid, vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

Phonetics (3 decks)

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