Phonetics Exam 1

Question 1

Branches of Phonetics

Answer 1

acoustic, physiological, perceptual, clinical

Question 2

Phonetics

Answer 2

study of the production and perception of sounds

Question 3

acoustic phonetics

Answer 3

acoustic properties of speech sounds

Question 4

physiological phonetics

Answer 4

anatomy and physiology of speech production and perception

Question 5

perceptual phonetics

Answer 5

psychological responses to sounds

Question 6

clinical phonetics

Answer 6

speech perception and production that differs from the norm

Question 7

phonology

Answer 7

study of the linguistic rules that specify the manner in which phonemes are organized and combined into syllables, words, and sentences

Question 8

phonemic

Answer 8

relating to phonemes or analysis using phonemes

Question 9

IPA

Answer 9

International phonetic alphabet: alphabet used to represent the sounds of the world’s languages

Question 10

why do we use IPA

Answer 10

we use it so its a universal; alphabet between all languages

Question 11

diacritic

Answer 11

specialized phonetic symbol used in narrow transcription to represent both allophonic production as well as suprasegmental features of speech. Allows us to differentiate variations in speech sound production.

Question 12

Broad transcription

Answer 12

phonemes without identifying every allophone: / /

Question 13

narrow transcription

Answer 13

particular allophones for each sound: [ ]

Question 14

graphemes

Answer 14

letters of the alphabet

Question 15

allographs

Answer 15

different ways of spelling the same sound

Question 16

digraphs

Answer 16

pairs of letters that make up 1 sound (ex. Sh)

Question 17

categories for classifying sounds (consonants)

Answer 17

1) bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal.
2) voiced or voiceless
3) stops, fricatives, affricatives, nasals, liquids, glides

Question 18

categories for classifying sounds (vowels)

Answer 18

1) high, mid, low

2) front, center, back

Question 19

articulatory characteristics (consonants)

Answer 19

voicing, manner, and place

Question 20

articulatory characteristics (vowels)

Answer 20

tongue height, tongue advancement, tense/lax, and lip rounding

Question 21

phone

Answer 21

refers to a given speech sound

Question 22

morpheme

Answer 22

the smallest unit of a language to carry meaning

Question 23

minimal pairs/contrasts

Answer 23

two words that differ by 1 phoneme in the same location

Question 24

allophone

Answer 24

different ways of saying the same sound

Question 25

free variation

Answer 25

allophone production that is not tied to a particular phonetic environment (ex. spa)

Question 26

complementary distribution

Answer 26

allophone production that is tied to a particular phonetic environment (ex. can)

Question 27

syllables

Answer 27

unit of speech consisting of 1 vowel and possible 1 or more consonants

Question 28

parts of a syllable

Answer 28

onset, rhyme, nucleus, and coda

Question 29

onset

Answer 29

initial consonant

Question 30

rhyme

Answer 30

vowels and final consonants

Question 31

nucleus

Answer 31

vowels or nasal sounds

Question 32

coda

Answer 32

consonants follow a nucleus

Question 33

syllabic consonant

Answer 33

consonant that serves as the nucleus of a syllable (l, m, n)

Question 34

stress

Answer 34

primary and secondary

Question 35

primary stress

Answer 35

the syllable with stronger stress, if there is more than one

Question 36

secondary stress

Answer 36

other stressed syllables in a word

Question 37

respiratory system

Answer 37

lungs, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, ribs, external intercostal muscle, sternum

Question 38

lungs

Answer 38

expand, air pressure inside decreases where air pressure outside is greater creating negative pressure for air to be sucked in

Question 39

exhalation

Answer 39

internal intercostal muscle, expulsion of air through the trachea, and reverse of inhalation

Question 40

trachea

Answer 40

tube with cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissue

Question 41

laryngeal system

Answer 41

larynx, hyoid, vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cricoid cartilage