Phonetics and Phonology

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

The study of the speech sounds, and how they are produced, transmitted and received.

Question 2

Phonology

Answer 2

The study of the sound system of a language.

Question 3

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Answer 3

The phonetic notation system used to represent all the sounds (phones) in human speech.

Question 4

Bilabial

Answer 4

Lips E.G. b,p,m,w

Question 5

Labiodental

Answer 5

Upper teeth and lower lip. E.G. v,f

Question 6

Dental

Answer 6

Front teeth and tongue tip E.G. th,

Question 7

Alveolar

Answer 7

Alveolar ridge and tongue tip. E.G. d, t, n, z, s.

Question 8

Palato-alveolar

Answer 8

Near alveolar ridge and blade of tongue E.G. sh, g.

Question 9

Palatal

Answer 9

Hard palate and front of tongue E.G. g, k, j

Question 10

Velar

Answer 10

Soft palate and back of tongue. E.G. None in the English language.

Question 11

Glottal

Answer 11

Glottis and vocal cords. E.G. h.

Question 12

Stop

Answer 12

A total blockage of the outgoing airflow in the oral cavity. E.G. p, b ,t, d , c, g

Question 13

Nasal (Stop)

Answer 13

A total closure of the oral cavity with the vellum lowered to that air flows through the nose. E.G. m,n.

Question 14

Fricative

Answer 14

The airstream is partially blocked by two speech organs coming together, creating friction. E.G. f, v, th, s, z

Question 15

Affricate

Answer 15

A stop followed by a fricative - a complete closure in the oral cavity followed by a slow release of air. E,G ch, j

Question 16

Approximant

Answer 16

Sounds that come towards (approximate) their articulation point. They have a lower degree of constriction than stops or fricatives. r, y, w

Question 17

Later approximant

Answer 17

It occurs when the airstreams flow along the sides of the tongue which is touching the teeth ridge and blocks the air from going through the middle of the mouth. E.G. l

Question 18

Voicing

Answer 18

Vibration of the vocal cords when producing a consonant sound. E.G v, z. Voicebox vibrates.

Question 19

Monophthong

Answer 19

A simple vowel that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation. E.g The vowel in ‘bin’

Question 20

Diphthong

Answer 20

A tongue starts in one place and moves to another in order to produce the vowel sounds. E.G. The bowel in ‘buy’

Question 21

Elision

Answer 21

The deletion of a sound in connected speech. Want to ———–> wanna

Question 22

Assimilation

Answer 22

When a sound change to become more like a neighbouring sound. Butter ——> budder

Question 23

Vowel Reduction

Answer 23

Similar to Elision, but instead of disappearing completely. Vowels in unstressed positions are replaced by a schwa. you—-> ya

Question 24

Insertion

Answer 24

Insertion involves the addition of sounds where they don’t belong. humbling—–> humballing. or drawing——-> draw- ring.

Question 25

Pitch

Answer 25

The height of a sound. from low to high. Typically women’s voices are higher than men’s voices.

Question 26

Tempo

Answer 26

The speed at which we are speaking. Can indicate, nervousness, or strength and reflection.

Question 27

Volume

Answer 27

How loud you are.

Question 28

Stress

Answer 28

The degree of strength used to produce a syllable. can change meaning in a sentence. Same as putting emphasis on a sound.

Question 29

Intonation

Answer 29

The patterns made by rising and falling pitch.

Question 30

Prosodic Feature

Answer 30

Phonological properties that relate to the pronunciation of syllables, words and phrases.

Question 31

Phoneme

Answer 31

The smallest unit of sound.