Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Linguistics 2.0 > Phonetics and phonology > Flashcards

Phonetics and phonology Flashcards

1
Q

phonology definition

A
  • branch of linguistics
  • studies the sound system human can produce
  • speech within a language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

phonetics definition

A
  • branch of linguistics
  • studies speech sounds independent of a language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

phonetics characteristics

A
  • sounds as such
  • language use (parole)
  • not language specific
  • phones
  • physical characteristics of speech sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phonology

A
  • sounds as part of sound system/language (langue)
  • language specific
  • function (meaning differentiation)
  • phonemes
  • study of the sound patterns in 1 language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phonemes definition

A

= smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of a language
- abstractions (langue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

phone definition

A

= the concrete realization of a phoneme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

minimal pair test

A
  • words have distinct meanings
    IF they consist of the same amount of phonetic segments and IF these segments are the same EXCEPT FOR 1 in the SAME position
    -> we can do a minimal pair test
    2 steps:
    1. substitute 1 sound sequence by another (SOUND NOT LETTER)
    2. decide if this change results in a change of meaning
    -> if yes, minimal pair has been found! - 2 phonemes have been identified
    BED X BET, BUD X BUT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to establish the phoneme inventory of a language?

A
  • by conducting a minimal pair test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phoneme characteristics

A
  • relevant in phonology
  • langue
    -abstract entity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

phone characteristics

A
  • relevant in phonetics
  • parole
  • concrete realization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phonemes as a bundle of features

A

phonetics: every feature is relevant
phonology: only the distinctive in a specifit language are relevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phonology branches

A

segmental
suprasegmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

segmental phonology

A
  • examines function of individual sounds in a language - the segments
    phoneme (langue level) = the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit in a language -> realised as a(n allo) phone

phonotactics
sonority hierarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

suprasegmental phonology

A
  • examines features of pronunciation over more than 1 segment - more individual sounds

word stress: unpredictable in English
rhythm: distribution od stressed syllables in a sentence
tone: pitch movement withing words (not in ENG.)
intonation: rises and falls in pitch at sentence levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phonotactics (segmental phonology)

A

= restrictions to possible combinations of phonemes in a specific language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sonority hierarchy (segmental phonology)

A

= loudness
- rules influencing possible sound combinations
- many consonant combinations aren’t even possible

vowels
glides
liquids
nasals
fricatives voiced
fricatives voiceless
plosives voiced
plosives voiceless

17
Q

phonological processes in speech

A
  • in connected speech, may change according to sound environment

assimilation
elision
epenthesis
metathesis
intrusion
reduction

18
Q

assimilation (phonological processes in speech)

A

= sounds influenced in quality by neighbouring sounds

regressive assimilation
influenced sound + influencing sound

progressive assimilation
influencing sound+ influenced sound

reciprocal assimilation
two adjacent sounds unite into one

19
Q

elision (phonological processes in speech)

A

= omission od 1 or more sounds
- word can loose a syllable

20
Q

epenthesis (phonological processes in speech)

A

= insertion of a sound into a word
- a voiceless plosive can gain sound;

21
Q

metathesis (phonological processes in speech)

A

= transposition of sounds in a word
-nonstandard English aesk->aeks

22
Q

intrusion (phonological processes in speech)

A

= transition between sounds or words carrying over a word-final consonant to a word beginning with a vowel
not at all -> notatall

special:
linking r, intrusive r

23
Q

reduction (phonological processes in speech)

A

= reduction in vowel length, change in its quality
weak and strong forms

24
Q

British vs American English

A

fear, hair, tour
= difference in diphthongs
- triphthongs r-colored

Linguistics 2.0 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions