Phonetics And Language Acquisition

Question 0

Esophagus

Answer 0

A muscular passage connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 1

Trachea

Answer 1

The “windpipe” through which air flows from the lungs to the larynx

Question 2

Larynx

Answer 2

Muscular, cartilaginous part of the respiratory tract that contains the vocal cords

Question 3

Epiglottis

Answer 3

Cartilage that covers the opening between the vocal cords and the larynx

Question 4

Vocal cords

Answer 4

Elastic muscles that stretch over the larynx

Question 5

Voicing

Answer 5

Distinctive feature that describes the extent to which the vocal cords are pulled back (voiceless) or vibrate (voiced)

Question 6

Alveolar ridge

Answer 6

Tissue above the upper teeth where the tongue rests to produce certain sounds, such as [z].

Question 7

Hard palate

Answer 7

Front surface of the roof of the mouth, leading forward to the alveolar ridge and back to the soft palate

Question 8

Soft palate (velum)

Answer 8

Rear surface of the roof of the mouth, leading forward to the hard palate and back towards the larynx

Question 9

Place and manner of articulation

Answer 9

Distinctive feature that indicates the location of articulators in the production of speech sounds

Question 10

Stops

Answer 10

Speech sound produced, in part, by complete obstruction of airflow

Question 11

Frictives

Answer 11

Speech sound, such as /f/, produced when articulators are brought so close together that friction is created as air passes through the mouth.

Question 12

Affricate

Answer 12

Speech sound composed of a stop followed by a frictave, for instance, the initial sound in chatter.

Question 13

Nasal

Answer 13

Stop produced when air flows from the lungs through the nose , such as [m] or [n].

Question 14

Liquid

Answer 14

Consonant produced when articulators are in proximity to each other but do not impede airflow, such as /l/ and /r/.

Question 15

Glide

Answer 15

Speech sound produced by transition from one speech sound to another, such as /w/ and /j/.

Question 16

Syllabic consonant

Answer 16

Consonant that participates or constitutes the nucleus of a syllable.

Question 17

Height

Answer 17

Distinctive feature of vowels determined by the relative position of the tongue when producing the sound

Question 18

Frontness

Answer 18

Distinctive feature of vowels realized when the tongue is placed toward the front of the mouth

Question 19

Tenseness

Answer 19

Distinctive feature of vowels indicating the relatively loose (central) or tense (peripheral) position of the tongue

Question 20

Offglide

Answer 20

Speech sound produced when a vowel moves into a glide, as in how now brown cow?

Question 21

Onglide

Answer 21

Speech sound produced when a glide moves into a vowel, as in some pronunciations of Tuesday

Question 22

Diphthong

Answer 22

Vowel that begins at one place of articulation and ends at another, as in right.

Question 23

Natural class

Answer 23

Set of sounds that share features in such a way as to include all sounds in a set and exclude all others.

For instance, /p, b/ is the natural class of bilabial oral stops.

Question 24

Monophthong

Answer 24

A single vowel articulated without change in quality throughout the course of a syllable, as in bed.

A simple and pure vowel.

Question 25

Phoneme

Answer 25

Distinctive sound of a language

Question 26

Allophone

Answer 26

Any variant of a phoneme; for example, perhaps realized two allophones of the phoneme /p/, one aspirated and the other not

Question 27

Minimal pair

Answer 27

Words distinguished by only one distinctive feature of one sound, as in pat and bat.

Question 28

Assimilation

Answer 28

Phonological process in which a sound changes to resemble a nearby sound, as when in ‘not’ becomes im in impossible

Question 29

Deletion

Answer 29

Phonological process in which speech sounds disappear from words, for instance, as when the vowel in the second syllable of laboratory is lost in pronunciation of the word

Question 30

Insertion

Answer 30

Phonological process in which a sound is added to a word, as in the /k/ in some pronunciations of length or the /r/ in some pronunciations of wash

Question 31

Metathesis

Answer 31

Phonological process in which sounds switch places in the phonemic structure of a word ( aks becomes ask)

Question 32

Pitch

Answer 32

Rate of repetition or vibration of vocal cords in the production of speech sounds

Question 33

Tone

Answer 33

Pitch of a word that changes the meaning of the word

Question 34

Intonation

Answer 34

Change in pitch that indicates something about the sentence meaning

Question 35

Phonological rules

Answer 35

Express the ways in which sounds change predictably in certain environments and describe patterns or types of sound changes - descriptive rather than prescriptive