Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CSCD Phonetics > Phonetics > Flashcards

Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

Define phonetics

A

Study of speech emphasising description + classification of speech sounds according to production, transmission + perceptual features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of phonetics (3)

A

Articulatory, auditory and acoustics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phonetics vs phonology

A

Phonetics: study of properties of sounds of human language

Phonology: study of sound system of particular language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define phonemes

A

Smallest segments of sounds that are distinguished by their contrast (or change in meaning) in words in given language ⇒ abstract mental representations of ‘groups’ of sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define phone

A

Speech sound with no reference to meaning or contrasting group - phonetic segments / features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allophones

A

Variations within phoneme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allographs

A

Letter or combo of letters representing 1 phoneme

E.g. f/ff/ph/gh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consonant

A

Speech sound which is produced by - stopping, interrupting, diverting pr constricting airstream

3 features: voicing, place of articulation and manner of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vowel

A

Relatively open unobstructed sound

Change size and shape of oral cavity to produce distinctive resonance features for each vowel sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diphthong

A

Combination of at least 2 simple vowels produced in 1 ongoing ballistic movement of tongue and mandible within nucleus of a syllable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

/b/ - 3 features

A

Voiced bilabial plosive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

/s/ - 3 features

A

Voiceless alveolar fricative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

/m/ - 3 features

A

Voiced bilabial nasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

/w/ - 3 features

A

Voiced labial-velar approximant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

/f/ - 3 features

A

Voiceless labiodental fricative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Voiced phonemes

A

all vowels
all diphthongs
consonants / b m w v ð z d l n ʒ ʤ ɹ g ŋ j /

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Voiceless phonemes

A

consonants / p f θ s t ʃ tʃ k h ç ʔ /

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bilabial (3)

A

/p b m/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Labiodental (2)

A

/f v/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dental (2)

A

/θ ð/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alveolar (6)

A

/t d s z l n/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Palato-alveolar (4)

A

/ʃ ʒ tʃ ʤ/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Retroflex (1)

A

/ɹ/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Palatal (2)

A

/ç j/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Velar (3)
/k g ŋ/
26
Glottal (2)
/ʔ h/
27
Two-place articulation (labial velar) (1)
/w/
28
Plosive (stop) (7)
/p b t d k g ʔ/
29
Nasal (3)
/m n ŋ/
30
Fricative (10)
/ θ ð f v s z ʃ ʒ ç h/
31
Approximant (glides) (3)
/w ɹ j/
32
Lateral approximant (glide) (1)
/l/
33
Affricates (combined manner) (2)
/ tʃ ʤ/
34
Classification of vowels (4)
1. How high is the tongue? 2. Is the tongue fronted or more towards back of mouth? 3. Are the lips rounded during the production of the vowel? 4. How long or short is the vowel?
35
Define schwa
Neutral vowel - occurs in unstressed syllables Connected speech
36
Linking r in au english
Words whose spelling ends with ‘r’ or ‘re’ = usually spoken in au english without /r/ Postvocalic: after vowel sound Intervocalic: position between 2 vowels
37
Citation form
When word is pronounced carefully as a single item
38
Connected speech
Joining 2 or more words together in creation of an urterance
39
Coarticulation
Overlapping of articulators during speech production Lip shape of /s/ in sun v soon
40
Assimilation
Process whereby phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighbouring sounds Result of coarticulation
41
Elision
Omission of phoneme during speech production
42
Epenthesis
Addition of phonemes during speech production - between 2 vowels or 2 consonants
43
Metathesis
2 adjacent phonemes are switched - result of slip of tongue, dialectical variation or speech disorder
44
Vowel reduction
Full form of vowel is reduced to schwa
45
Juncture
Way in which syllables and words are linked together in connected speech
46
Open internal juncture Vs Closed internal juncture
Transitional pause between two syllables within same tone group I scream Vs Two syllables in same tone group with no transitional pause between them Icecream
47
External juncture
Pause or break between tone groups (intonation contours)
48
Tone group
Unit of pitch variation which has a noticeable end - signalled by change in pitch contour End of pitch contour, longer syllables at end, pauses, syntactic boundaries and prosody In writing = punctuation
49
Suprasegmentals
Melody and rhythms of languages Intonation, tone/pitch, stress and length Rise or fall tones
50
Stress
Amount of weight a syllable wears - strong or weak Vertical mark ‘ above and to left of first phoneme that forms stressed syllable
51
Phonological rules can do 5 things...
1. Change feature values 2. Add new features 3. Delete segments 4. Add segments 5. Reorder segments
52
Rule: half long vowels
When a vowel or diphthong occurs before a voiced consonant - single dot or ‘ after V/D Make [mæɪk] vs. made [mæɪdˑ]
53
Rule: long vowels
When a vowel or diphthong are in open syllables (not closed by consonant = they are longer again) - 2 dots or ‘’ [mɐːt] vs. [mɐːː]
54
Rule: nasalisation
When vowels + diphthongs are followed by a nasal = they also become nasalised - ~ above VD [pæɪl] vs. [pæɪn]
55
Rule: retraction before /l/
When vowels + diphthongs are followed by syllable final /l/ = produced further back in oral cavity than usual - [ _ ] [ten] vs. [tel]
56
Allophonic rule: nasalisation
Vowels around nasal consonants
57
Allophonic rule: lengthening
Vowels lengthen before voiced consonants Cart vs card
58
Allophonic rule: aspiration
Voiceless plosives are aspirated in SI position
59
Common developmental problems
Final Consonant Deletion: tendency to leave syllable final sounds off → e.g. /hɐː/ for hard Cluster Reduction: e.g. scream → /skiːm/ OR crash → /kæʃ/ Fronting: e.g. tar for car
60
PR: plosives in English
A voiceless plosive is released as allophone w/ aspiration when it occurs in first position in a syllable [h] Pie vs buy
61
PR: unreleased plosives
plosives /p b t d k g/ are unreleased when: [⌝] after plosive a) Immediately followed by plosive b) Occur at the end of a word, after a vowel + before a pause Cap, caper, captain, step down
62
PR: nasal position
When a plosive is followed immediately by a homorganic (same place of articulation) → syllabic nasal (release of air) may be through nasal plosion [n] Cotton, keep’em, wagging
63
PR: lateral plosion
When a plosive is followed immediately by a homorganic (same place of articulation) syllabic /l/ → release of air may be through lateral plosion [l] Noodle, capital, pedal
64
PR: approximants in clusters can be voiceless
When approximants in clusters immediately follow aspirated voiceless plosives = become voiceless [⚬] Twin, tune, pram
65
PR: velarised /l/ or dark /d/
When /l/ occurs after a vowel within a syllable = usually velarized → double contact of tongue tip w/ alveolar + back of tongue raises towards velum [ɫ] Feel, bowl, rail, aisle
66
Phonotactics
Permissible combining and ordering of phonemes of a language
67
Distributional constraints
Not all segments can appear in all places in a language 1. Consonants cannot be nucleus + vowel cannot be onset/offset of a syllable 2. Short vowels cannot appear in open syllables - CV or V - schwa exception bc unstressed 3. /ŋ/ = cannot occur in SI position in eng → can in Maori (/ŋɐː/) 4. /ʊ/ = never occurs in SI position in eng → /ʉː/ does so rarely - except some onomatopoeic expressions
68
Combinational constraints
Not all segments can combine together 1. No long vowels can precede /ŋ/ in eng 2. /h, ʧ, ʤ, z + ð/ do not cluster SI - /w, j, l + r/ cannot be 1st element of cluster in eng (commonly 2nd element) ``` 3. In 2-element SI clusters in eng: Stop + liquid/glide → /pl, tr, bj/ etc /s/ + [-voice] stop → /sp, st, sk/ /s/ + front nasal → /sm, sn/ [-voice] fricative, + glide → /fl, ɵr, sl/ etc ``` 4. Up to 3 consonants can cluster SI in eng → but in restricted combos 5. Up to 5 consonants may cluster SF in eng → in less restricted combos than SI clusters ∴ rarer

CSCD Phonetics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions