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JCU > Phonetics > Flashcards

Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

an accent

A

a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class

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2
Q

a dialect

A

a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group.

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3
Q

The RP English Accent

A

Recieved Pronunciation

= regionally neutral middle class accent
= The Queen’s Eng, BBC Eng., Oxford Eng.
= no dialects
= clipped, precised tones
= shortening of vowels

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4
Q

fortis consonant definition

A

= “strong”
= pronounced with greater tension and airflow (often unvoiced).

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5
Q

lenis consonant definition

A

= “weak”
= typically voiced and produced with less muscular effort

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6
Q

central mid lax vowel

A

/ə/

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7
Q

Open back vowel

A

/ɑ/ /ɒ/

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8
Q

Neutralized vowels

A

/i/ /u/

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9
Q

stress

A

relative strength of a syllable

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10
Q

phoneme

A

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another. Phonemes are abstract representations of sounds and are not the actual sounds themselves

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11
Q

voiceless dental fricative consonant

A

/θ/

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12
Q

voiceless postalveolar fricative consonant

A

/ʃ/

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13
Q

plosive consonants

A

/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /ɡ/

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14
Q

Place of Articulation

A

Where in the vocal tract a speech sound is produced. It describes the physical location where airflow is constricted or modified to create a particular sound.

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15
Q

affricate definition

A

a consonant sound that begins as a plosive (complete blockage of airflow) and transitions into a fricative (partial constriction of airflow)

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16
Q

lenis counterpart

A

the voiced version of a consonant sound that has a voiceless (fortis) counterpart.

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17
Q

Voiced velar nasal

A

/ŋ/

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18
Q

postalveloar aproximant

A

/r/

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19
Q

Approximant

A

The articulators come close together but do not create a turbulent airstream (unlike fricatives).

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20
Q

Plosives

A

/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/

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21
Q

Fricative definition

A

Airflow is constricted, creating turbulence.

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22
Q

Voiceless definition

A

Produced without vibrating the vocal cords

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23
Q

Voiced definition

A

Produced when the vocal cords vibrate during articulation. This vibration occurs as air passes through the glottis, causing the vocal folds to come together and oscillate.

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24
Q

Dental definition

A

Tongue touches the upper teeth or is very close to them.

25
Q

Central definition

A

Tongue is positioned centrally in the mouth.

26
Q

Mid definition

A

Tongue height is halfway between high and low.

27
Q

Lax definition

A

Produced with less muscular tension compared to tense vowels.

28
Q

Unrounded definition

A

The lips are not rounded or pursed. Instead, they remain relaxed and neutral, or in some cases, spread

29
Q

Rounded vowels

A

[u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ]

30
Q

Postalveolar definition

A

Tongue is positioned just behind the alveolar ridge (the bony ridge behind the upper teeth).

31
Q

Plosive definition

A

sound produced by completely blocking the airflow in the vocal tract and then releasing it suddenly, creating a burst of sound.

32
Q

Rounded definiton

A

The lips are brought together and form a rounded, circular shape

33
Q

Unrounded vowels

A

[i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [ʌ], [ə]

34
Q

Fricatives

A

/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/

35
Q

fortis consonants

A

/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /h/, /tʃ/

36
Q

lenis consonants

A

/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/, /j/, /w/

37
Q

affricate consonants

A

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

38
Q

Velar definition

A

sounds are produced by raising the back of the tongue (the dorsum) to the soft palate (the velum)

39
Q

Nasal definition

A

produced when the airflow is completely blocked in the oral cavity (mouth) but allowed to pass freely through the nasal cavity (nose)

40
Q

Velar consonants

A

/k/, /g/, /ŋ/

41
Q

Nasal consonants

A

/m/, /n/, /ŋ/

42
Q

Bilabial definition

A

Both lips come together.

43
Q

Bilabial consonants

A

/p/, /b/, /m/, /w/

44
Q

Labiodental definition

A

sounds are produced by using the lower lip and the upper teeth.

45
Q

Labiodental consonants

A

/f/, /v/

46
Q

Dental definition

A

The tongue touches the upper teeth.

47
Q

Dental consonants

A

/θ//ð/

48
Q

Alveolar definition

A

The tongue touches or approaches the alveolar ridge (just behind the upper teeth).

49
Q

Postalveolar consonants

A

/ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/

50
Q

Alveolar consonants

A

/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /l/

51
Q

Retroflex (rare in English accents):

A

The tongue tip curls backward toward the palate.

52
Q

Retroflex (rare in English accents):

A

/ɹ/ (in some accents)

53
Q

Palatal definition

A

The tongue touches or approaches the hard palate.

54
Q

Palatal consonant

A

/j/

55
Q

Glottal defition

A

The sound is produced at the glottis (the space between the vocal cords).

56
Q

Glottal consonants

A

/h/

57
Q

The glottal stop

A

/ʔ/

produced by briefly closing the vocal cords (glottis) to completely block airflow, followed by a sudden release

58
Q
A

JCU (5 decks)

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