Phonetics

Question 1

List the 7 Places of Articulation for Consonants

Answer 1

Bilabials, Labiodentals, Interdentals, Alveolars, Alveopalatals & Palatals, Velars, Glottals

Question 2

What are Bilabials?

Answer 2

Sounds made with the closure or near closure of both the upper and lower lips.

-> [p], [b], [m], [w]

Question 3

What are Labiodentals?

Answer 3

Sounds made involving the upper teeth and lower lip.

-> [f], [v]

Question 4

What are Interdentals?

Answer 4

Sounds produced with the tongue between the teeth.

-> [th], [thh]

Question 5

What are Alveolars?

Answer 5

Sounds produced when the front of the tongue touches or is brought near the alveolar ridge.

-> [t], [d], [n], [r], [l], [D], [s], [z]

Question 6

What are Alveopalatals and Palatals?

Answer 6

Sounds made just behind the alveolar ridge where the roof of the mouth rises sharply.

Alveopalatal sounds -> [3], [sh]

Palatal sounds -> [j], [d3], [ch]

Question 7

What are Velars?

Answer 7

Sounds produced when the tongue is touching or near the soft area towards the back of the mouth.

-> [k], [g], [ng]

Question 8

What are Glottals? What are glottal stops?

Answer 8

Sounds produced in the glottis without the active use of the tongue.

-> [h]

Glottal stops -> [?] -> button, uh-oh, Batman.

Question 9

What are the 7 manners of articulation for consonants?

Answer 9

Stops, Fricatives, Flaps, Affricates, Orals vs Nasals, Liquids, Glides

Question 10

What are Stops?

Answer 10

Sounds made with a brief complete closure in the oral cavity or glottis, followed by the release of the air stream.

-> [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [?], [m], [n] [ng]

Question 11

What are Fricatives?

Answer 11

Sounds produced with a continuous airflow through the a partially obstructed mouth.

-> [f], [v], [s], [z], [th], [thh], [sh], [3], [h]

Question 12

What are Affricates?

Answer 12

These are sounds that begin as a stop and release as a fricative.

-> [ch], [d3]

Question 13

What are Oral vs. Nasal sounds?

Answer 13

Oral sounds: the velum is raised and prevents airflow from entering the nasal passage.

Nasal sounds: the velum is lowered and air can flow through the nasal passage.

Question 14

What are Liquids? Lateral liquids? Retroflex liquid?

Answer 14

Sounds with some obstruction but no real friction. As laterals are articulated, air escapes through both sides of the tongue. For retroflexes, the tongue tip bunches upwards in the back of the mouth

Lateral liquid -> [l]

Retroflex liquid -> [r]

Question 15

What are Flaps?

Answer 15

Sounds made when the tongue strikes the alveolar ridge as it passes across.

-> [D]

Question 16

What are Glides?

Answer 16

Sounds made when the tongue glides to or from vowel.

-> [j], [w]

Question 17

What affects vowel production?

Answer 17

Tongue placement, lip shape, velum positioning, degree of vocal tract constriction

Question 18

Describe tongue placement:

Answer 18

Vertical: high, mid, low

Horizontal: front, central back

Question 19

Describe lip shape:

Answer 19

Rounded vs. Unrounded

Question 20

Describe the degrees of vocal tract constriction:

Answer 20

Tense vs lax

Question 21

What are Diphthongs?

Answer 21

Vowels that exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable.

-> [aj], [oj], [aw], [vj], [ir], [er], [or], [ar], [ur], [ər]

Question 22

Describe the difference between the Schwa and Wedge…

Answer 22

Schwa: “Uh” sound in unstressed syllables -> sof(a)

Wedge: “Uh” sound in stressed syllables -> th(u)mb

Question 23

Describe the difference between tense and lax vowels.

Answer 23

Tense: longer and higher pitched vowels.

Lax: shorter vowels.

Question 24

Describe careful speech vs rapid speech.

Answer 24

For the word balloons:

Careful = [bəlunz]

Rapid = [blunz]

Question 25

What are the 5 speech production processes?

Answer 25

Assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, epenthesis and metathesis

Question 26

What is Assimilation?

Answer 26

When there is a sound change in which some phonemes change to become more similar to other nearby sounds within a word or between words.

Is sound more like neighbours?

Pancake Waiter

Question 27

What is Dissimilation?

Answer 27

When sounds within or between words become less like a preceding or following sound.

Is sound less like neighbours?

Fifths

Question 28

What is Deletion?

Answer 28

The process of not pronouncing a sound segment normally present in careful speech.

-> gover(n)ment

Is sound missing?

Friendship

Question 29

What is Epenthesis?

Answer 29

The addition of a sound to break up an awkward cluster of consonants.

-> [blu] — [bəlue]

Is sound added?

Hamster

Question 30

What is Metathesis?

Answer 30

The reordering of sounds.

Spaghetti — pasghetti

Is sound order changed?

Question 31

How would you describe [i] sound?

Answer 31

High front tense unrounded

Question 32

How would you describe I sound? As in bit

Answer 32

High front lax unrounded

Question 33

How would you describe e sound?

Answer 33

Mid front tense unrounded

Question 34

How would you describe e sound as in bet?

Answer 34

Mid front lax unrounded

Question 35

How would you describe ae sound?

Answer 35

Low front lax unrounded

Question 36

How would you describe wedge sound?

Answer 36

Mid centre lax unrounded

Question 37

How would you describe schwa sound?

Answer 37

Mid centre lax unrounded

Question 38

How would you describe u sound?

Answer 38

High back tense rounded

Question 39

How would you describe u sound as in book

Answer 39

High back lax rounded

Question 40

How would you describe o sound?

Answer 40

Mid back tense rounded

Question 41

How would you describe o sound as in bought ?

Answer 41

Mid back lax rounded