Phonetics Flashcards
Phonetics
Study of speech sounds (Articulatory, Acoustic, Ausitory)
Consonants
Flow of air obstructed by different parts of the vocal tract
3 Parameters of Consonants
- Place of Articulation
- Manner of Articulation
- Voicing: voiced/voiceless
Manner of articulation options
- Total closure
- Plosive k/p/d…
- Nasal m/n…
- Affricates tsch/dj
- Partial closure
- Laterals l
- Narrowing
- Fricatives f/th/h/sch …
- Approximants y/w
Place of articulation options
- Bilabial p/b/m
- Labiodental f/v
- Dental th
- Alveolar t/d/n/s/z/l
- Post-alveolar tsch/dj/sch/j/r
- Palatal y
- Velar k/g/ng/w
- Glottal h
Vowels
Unobstructed flow of air modified by varying the shape of mouth
Vowels Parameters
- Tongue position
- high, mid, low
- front, central, back
- Lip/jaw opening
- close, half-close, helf-open, open
- Lip rounding
- rounded, unrounded, neutral
- Lenght
- short, long
Phonology
Study of functions of speech elements in the language system
(Interpretation of voice streams to describe and understand the underlying structure)
Segmental - Suprasegmental
segmental phonology
Transcription
Forms of transcription
Phonetic (narrow) transcription - [] - exact reflection of the specific details of a sound Phonemic (broad) transcription - // - generalisation of the allophones
Phoneme
- smallest distinctive segment in a language
- not pronouceable, but an abstract segment
Allophone
- phonetic variants of abstract sounds (phonemes)
- realised or realisable within a language system
Minimal pair
- two words distinguished by only one phoneme
- helps distinguishing different phonemes from allophones
leave - leaf /li:v/- /li:f/
Syllable
- Unit above phoneme level
- has 3 elements
Elements of the syllable structure
- Onset: optional consonant(s)
- Peak/Nucleus/Center: one vowel (or vowel-like) as the minimal element forming a syllable
- Coda: optional consonant(s)
Peak and Coda form the rhyme
