Phonetics Flashcards
Stops/Plosives
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
All oral stops are make with the velopharyngeal port closed
Pressure builds up and is released in a burst
/p/
Voiceless Bilabial Stop
/b/
Voiced Bilabial Stop
/t/
Voiceless Alveolar Stop
/d/
Voiced Alveolar Stop
/k/
Voiceless Velar Stop
/g/
Voiced Velar Stop
Fricatives
/f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/
Close approximation of articulators
- Narrow channel of constriction in vocal tract
- Turbulent airflow
/f/
Voiceless Labio-Dental Fricative
/v/
Voiced Labio-Dental Fricative
/θ/ Theta
Voiceless Interdental Fricative
Content
thing
thigh
thought
/ð/ Eth
Voiced Interdental Fricative
Function
the
these
breathe
/s/
Voiceless Alveolar Fricative
/z/
Voiced Alveolar Fricative
/ʃ/ Esh
Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Fricative
/ʒ/ Ezh
Voiced Palato-Alveolar Fricative
Very Infrequent
Vision
Affricates
/tʃ/ /dʒ/
A stop articulation followed by a fricative articulation
/tʃ/
Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Affricate
church
/dʒ/
Voiced Palato-Alveolar Affricate
jive
Nasals / Sonorants
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
All nasals are voiced
Airstream obstructed in oral cavity
Velopharyngeal port is open - airstream flows through nasal cavity
/m/
Voiced Bilabial Nasal
/n/
Voiced Alveolar Nasal
/ŋ/
Voiced Velar Nasal
/ng/
/n/ followed by /c/, /k/, or /x/
Liquids / Approximants / Sonorants
/l/ /r/
Narrow contraction but free flowing air
/l/ “L”
Voiced Alveolar Lateral Liquid
/r/
Voiced Lingua-Palatal Liquid
/h/
Voiceless Glottal Fricative
Glides
A consonant characterized by a continued, gliding motion of the articulators into the following vowel; aka a semi-vowel
/w/
Voiced Labial-Velar Glide
/j/
Voiced Palatal Glide
/M/ “hw”
Voiceless Labial-Velar Glide
/i/ “dotted i”
High Front Tense Unrounded
We
Peak
Peek
/ɪ/ “Cap I”
High Front Lax Unrounded
Skip Lip Gym Grip rip
/ʊ/ “Upsilon
High Back Lax Rounded
*Rounded is key
Could
Put
Book
Foot
/u/ “Lowercase u”
High Back Tense Rounded
Tune Poof Toot Goose Youth
/ɛ/ “Epsilon Greek E”
Mid Front Lax Unrounded
Bed
Pen
Men
Red
/ə/ “Schwa”
Mid Central Lax Unrounded “uh”
Unstressed
About Undone Ago Happen Balloon Undone
/ɝ/ “Hooked Reverse Epsilon”
Mid Central Tense Rounded Long “er”
Stressed
Perk Fur Bird Stir Sir Learn
/ɚ/ “Schwar”
Mid Central Lax Rounded Short “er”
*Unstressed”
Father
Acre
Favor
Butter
/æ/ “Ash”
Low Front Lax Unrounded
Ash Pass Crash Class Mash
/ʌ/ “Caret”
Low Central Lax Unrounded “uh”
Stressed
Flood
Cup
Rough
Does
/ɔ/ “Open O”
Low Back Tense Rounded
/a/ “Script a”
Low Back Tense Unrounded
Hot Not Saw Caught Pot
/ɑʊ/
“Ow”
Loud
Crowd
Proud
Now
/ɑɪ/
“Eye”
Kite High Height Fly Pie
/eɪ/
“ay”
Mane Neigh Prey May Great
/ɔɪ/
“Oy”
Coin Join Boy Joy Foil
/ju/
“You”
Cute
Feud
Hue
Few
/ɪr/
“Ear” Rhotacized Vowel
Beard
Earplug
Peer
/ɛr/
“Air” Rhotacized Vowel
Bear
Lair
Very
Care
/ɔr/
“Or” Rhotacized Vowel
Board
Cord
Core
Door
/ar/
“Are” Rhotacized Vowel
Bar Harp Farther Archer Harpoon
Cognates
When a pair of sounds differ ONLY in voicing
Homotypic
When sounds have the same MANNER of articulation
Homorganic
When sounds have the same PLACE of articulation
