Phonation Flashcards
What is the goal of respiration?
The exchange of gases with atmospheric elements; oxygenation of blood & elimination of CO2.
What is the mechanical pump of the lungs?
The thoracic rib cage.
Is the larynx or pharynx responsible for breathing?
LARYNX
Name the types of cavities & membranes on the lungs.
Parietal pleura - thoracic walls.
Visceral pleura - on lungs.
Pleural fluid - between thoracic walls & lungs.
What is the function of the pleural membrane?
Keep lungs ‘stuck’ to the walls of the thoracic cavity via intrapleural pressure. This causes negative pressure but also allows movement of the lungs.
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
What attaches the ribs to the sternum?
Costal cartilage.
Name the types of ribs and why they are named so.
1-7 = true ribs; direct attachment to sternum. 8-10 = false; hitchhike on 6+7 to attach to sternum. 11-12 = floating; attach to sternum via cartilage.
What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic opening?
1st ribs, superior border of the manubrium & T1.
Name the types of vertebrae.
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (4) Coccyx (5)
Name 3 structures passing through the superior thoracic opening
Trachea, oesophagus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, arteries, veins.
What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic opening?
Costal cartilage 7-10, T12, 11th & 12th ribs.
Name 3 structures passing through the inferior thoracic opening.
Oesophagus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, arteries, veins.
Where does elevation & depression of ribs occur?
Costovertebral joints.
How do false ribs lift?
Upwards in a ‘bucket handle movement’, increasing lateral volume.
How do true ribs lift?
Upwards in a ‘pump handle movement’, increasing anteroposterior volume.
Name the muscles which change the volume of the thoracic cavity?
Intercostals (x2)
Thoracic diaphragm
Neck & abdominal muscles
What causes the diaphragm to flatten?
Contraction of muscles, it is pulled down with the thoracic cavity.
What 2 cartilaginous structures is the larynx made up of?
Thyroid
Cricoid
What is the pyriform sulcus?
Where is it?
Allows fluids to bypass larynx b/n swallows, transit passage.
Lateral to aditus laryngis.
What are the biological functions of the larynx?
Protection of airways, expel foreign matter, enables one to hold breath, produces phonation.
What are the components of the true vocal folds?
Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
Vocal Ligament
Thyroarytenoid muscle
Superficial mucus membrane
If volume flow is _____, velocity must ____ at an area of constriction, but have a corresponding ____ of pressure at the constriction.
If volume flow is CONSTANT, velocity must INCREASE at an area of constriction, but have a corresponding DECREASE of pressure at the constriction.
Name the muscles involved in raising pitch.
Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Thyroarytenoids
Suprahyoid muscles (genionhyoid, digastic, stylohyoid, mylohyoid)
Name the muscles involved in lowering pitch.
Thyroarytenoids Infrahyoid muscles (Thyroihyoid, sternohyoid, omiohyoid)
