PHMP MID 1

Question 1

the removal or destruction of ALL living
microorganisms.

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

Sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of
Clostridium botulinum in canned food.

Answer 2

Commercial Sterilization

Question 3

Treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public health levels.

Answer 3

Sanitization

Question 4

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate
objects.

Answer 4

Disinfection

Question 5

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living
tissue.

Answer 5

Antisepsis

Question 6

associated with grains reflects the environmental
conditions in which the crop was grown

Answer 6

Microbial load

Question 7

(food residues) on the surface can interfere with
the antimicrobial activity of sanitizers and
disinfectants by reducing the level of activity or by
protecting the microorganisms from attack by
acting as a physical barrier.

Answer 7

Presence of organic matter

Question 8

(i.e., temperature)

Answer 8

Environmental influences

Question 9

the propagation of microorganisms or of living
tissue cells in special media conducive to their
growth

Answer 9

Suspending medium

Question 10

Period in a sterilization process during which
items are exposed to the sterilant at the specified
sterilization parameters

Answer 10

Time of exposure

Question 11

texture, transparency, and color or pigmentation.

Answer 11

Microbial characteristics

Question 12

When bacterial populations are heated or treated with antimicrobial chemicals, they usually die at a constant rate.

Answer 12

RATE OF MICROBIAL DEATH

Question 13

The susceptibility of the plasma membrane is
due to its lipid and protein components.
Certain chemical control agents damage the
plasma membrane by altering its permeability.

Answer 13

ALTERATION OF MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY

Question 14

Some microbial control agents damage
cellular proteins by breaking hydrogen bonds
and covalent bonds. Other agents interfere
with DNA and RNA and protein synthesis

Answer 14

DAMAGE TO PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC
ACIDS

Question 15

This is applicable for substances unaffected at a
temperature of 148C to 260C in the oven, at an
the exposure time of 45 minutes.

Answer 15

Dry Heat Sterilization

Question 16

This method is ideal for sterilizing glasswares,
metalwares, and anhydrous oils.
- The principle of sterilization involved is the
oxidation of microorganisms by heat.

Answer 16

Dry Heat Sterilization

Question 17

— used to sterilize inoculating
instruments using alcohol lamp or burner

Answer 17

Direct flaming

Question 18

burning materials to ashes.

Answer 18

Incineration

Question 19

EXCEPTIONS OF Boiling

Answer 19

X bacterial endospores

Question 20

It uses a high temperature for a short time (72C
for 15 seconds) to destroy the pathogens without
altering the flavor of the food.

Answer 20

Pasteurization

Question 21

Are effective for vegetative forms of
microorganisms, but not for spores.

Answer 21

Fractional Sterilization Methods

Question 22

This is more effective than the dry heat method.
- The principle of sterilization is the coagulation of
the cell protein of the microorganism.

Answer 22

Moist Heat Sterilization

Question 23

It is the most effective method of moist heat
sterilization.

Answer 23

Autoclaving (steam under pressure)

Question 24

The passage of liquid or gas through a filter with
pores enough to retain microbes.

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

Microorganisms do not reproduce at ordinary refrigerator temperatures (0 to 7C)

Answer 25

Cold

Question 26

In the absence of water, microorganisms cannot grow but can remain viable.

Answer 26

Desiccation

Question 27

It is a fractional method of sterilization at 60 degrees Celsius in an oven, alternated with intervals at room temperature or incubation for 2 to 3 days.

Answer 27

Inspissation

Question 28

Microorganisms in high concentrations of salts and sugars undergo plasmolysis.

Answer 28

Osmotic pressure

Question 29

Use of short wavelength, high-intensity radiation to destroy microorganisms.

Answer 29

Radiation

Question 30

This is used to aid reduction of air borne contamination produced by mercury vapor lamps with poor penetration

Answer 30

Ultraviolet radiation

Question 31

This radiation method makes use of high energy emitted from radioactive isotopes such as cobalt 60

Answer 31

Ionization Radiation

Question 32

A drug/chemical that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host

Answer 32

Selective toxicity:

Question 33

exert their action by injuring plasma membranes, inactivating enzymes, and denaturing proteins.

Answer 33

Phenol and Phenolics

Question 34

(iodine and chlorine) are used alone or as components of inorganic or organic solutions

Answer 34

Halogens

Question 35

exert their action by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids.

Answer 35

Alcohols

Question 36

They exert their antimicrobial action through oligodynamic action

Answer 36

Heavy Metals and Their Compounds

Question 37

agents decrease the tension between molecules that lie on the surface of a liquid; soaps and detergents are examples

Answer 37

Surface-Active Agents

Question 38

They are among the most effective chemical disinfectants.

Answer 38

Aldehydes

Question 39

penetrates most materials and kills all microorganisms by protein denaturation.

Answer 39

Gaseous Chemosterilizers

Question 40

Chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms.

Answer 40

Antibiotic:

Question 41

refers to the different ways a microorganism kills other microorganism

Answer 41

Antibiosis

Question 42

there are microorganisms that can cause diseases.

Answer 42

Germ theory of disease

Question 43

developed the concept of chemotherapy to treat microbial diseases.

Answer 43

Paul Ehrlich

Question 44

One of the few scientists that wanted to find a treatment for treponema pallidum infection (Syphilis)

Answer 44

Paul Ehrlich

Question 45

an arsenic compound capable of killing treponema pallidum without killing healthy cells

Answer 45

Compound 606 (Salvarsan)

Question 46

a German pathologist and bacteriologist credited for the discovery of Sulfanilamide (Prontosil)

Answer 46

Gerhard Domagk

Question 47

First commercially available antimicrobial drug

Answer 47

Sulfanilamide

Question 48

discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928;

Answer 48

Alexander Fleming

Question 49

- The two scientist that help fleming develop penicillin as a medication

Answer 49

Howard Florey & Ernst Chain

Question 50

- Filipino scientist currently gathering soil samples from the bottom of the ocean

Answer 50

Dr. Dalisay

Question 51

spectrum that affects only a select group of microbes

Answer 51

Narrow-spectrum drugs

Question 52

spectrum that affects a more diverse range of microbes

Answer 52

broad spectrum drugs

Question 53

produced by Penicillium spp. Are effective against gram-positive cocci and spirochetes.

Answer 53

Natural penicillins

Question 54

resistant to penicillinase and have a broader spectrum of activity than natural penicillins.

Answer 54

Semisynthetic penicillins

Question 55

R I P E S

Answer 55

(Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

Question 56

They inhibit the spread of viruses to new cells. (tx of Viral hepatitis)

Answer 56

Alpha interferons