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Phlebotomy test 1 > Phlebotomy Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Phlebotomy Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Prefix

A

Word element that is added before the root at beginning Of the word

Example : endo prefix for inside

Not every medical term contains a prefix

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1
Q

Root

A

Main part of the word that describes what word is about

Example: cardio root for heart

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2
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

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3
Q

Posterior

A

Toward back of body

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4
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the sides of the body

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6
Q

Distal

A

Away from the center or point of attachment

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Near the center or point of attachment opposite of distal

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8
Q

External or Superficial

A

Near the surface of the body

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9
Q

Internal or Deep

A

Far from the surface of the body

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10
Q

Dorsal

A

The back side

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11
Q

Ventral

A

The front side

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12
Q

Normal anatomical position

A

Erect standing position with arms at rest and palms free

Risk of fainting or falling no venipuncture like this

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13
Q

Supine

A

Lying or reclining face up on back

Best position for phlebotomy when patients in bed

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14
Q

Prone

A

Lying face toward bed on stomach

Not recommended for venipuncture awkward orientation of arms

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15
Q

Lateral recumbent position

A

Lying on left side

Not recommended for venipuncture patient can roll over harmful needle insertion

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body strives for a steady.state remaining the same. Healthy body remains normal healthy condition

17
Q

Hemostasis

A

The blood coagulation system. Control of blood clotting

18
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Transport network that effects every part of the body within seconds

The term cardiovascular refers to : cardiac muscle the heart the vascular system blood vessels that include veins,arteries,capillaries and the circulating blood.

19
Q

Lab results used for the following reasons

A
  1. Diagnosis -heart enzyme levels help establish diagnosis of a heart attack
  2. Monitoring- glucose levels are used to monitor treatment of diabetes
  3. Therapy- drug levels can help determine effective dosage and prevent toxicity
  4. Screening- tests such as prostatic specific antigen can help the detection of prostate cancer
20
Q

Most common body samples used for clinical lab analysis are

A

Blood and urine

21
Q

Heart functions

A
  • Muscular organ about size of an adults closed fist
  • Contractions push blood throughout the body
  • Average heart beats 60-80 times per minute
22
Q

Aorta

A
  • Largest artery of the body

- supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

23
Q

Atria and ventricles

A

Two upper and lower chambers of the heart contract to push blood through the heart

24
Q

Vena cavae

A
  • Largest vein of the body

- Carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

25
Q

Arteries

A
  • Have thicker elastic walls
  • away from the heart
  • carries oxygenated blood bright red
  • transport blood from right and left chambers of heart to entire body
  • have a pulse
26
Q

Veins

A
  • Transfers blood back yo heart and lungs
  • blood dark in color
  • have thin walls that appear bluish
  • carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs to release carbon dioxide
27
Q

Antecubital Area

A

Anterior side near the bend of the arm preferred for venipuncture

28
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Best for venipuncture it is generally the largest and best anchored vein

29
Q

Circulating blood

A

Essential to homeostasis and to sustaining life. Any region of the body that is deprived of blood may die within minutes.

Normal adult contains 4-5 liters of blood.

30
Q

Reproductive system

A

Functions:
Responsible for sexual characteristics of male and female proper functioning

Common disorders:
Infertility, cysts,cancer,sexually transmitted disease, tumors

Common laboratory tests:
Cytogenic analysis,semen analysts, biopsies, hormone analysis, PSA

31
Q

Iatrogenic anemia

A

Anemia caused by the medical treatment itself taking large volumes of blood during venipuncture

32
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of the blood. 90% water and 10% dissolved substances

33
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC)

A

Size- 4-6million
Function- transport O2 and CO2
Formation-bone marrow

34
Q

Leukocytes (WBC)

A

Size- 5000-9000
Function- defense
Formation- bone marrow

35
Q

Thrombocytes (platelets)

A

Size- 250,000- 450,000
Function- clotting
Formation- bone marrow

36
Q

Serum

A

When blood specimen clots the liquid portion changes from plasma to serum

37
Q

Coagulation phases

A

Vascular phase- once a blood vessel is injured the vessel constricts (vasoconstriction) to decrease blood flow to area

Platelet phase- platelets degranulate, clump together, and stick to injured site to form a plug and inhibit bleeding

Coagulation phase- fibrinogen, clotting factors, and calcium are released and form a fibrin mesh or clot

Clot reaction- after bleeding stops the clot retracts to heal the torn edges of the vessel

Fibrinolysis- when final repair is made and injured vessel heals the clot begins to dissolve or break up (lysis)

38
Q

Capillary blood contains

A

Cells, plasma, arterial blood, venous blood

39
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Extends almost to the entire length of the arm

Phlebotomy test 1 (4 decks)

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