Phlebotomy Chapter 3

Question 0

Prefix

Answer 0

Word element that is added before the root at beginning Of the word

Example : endo prefix for inside

Not every medical term contains a prefix

Question 1

Root

Answer 1

Main part of the word that describes what word is about

Example: cardio root for heart

Question 2

Anterior

Answer 2

Front of the body

Question 3

Posterior

Answer 3

Toward back of body

Question 4

Medial

Answer 4

Toward the midline

Question 5

Lateral

Answer 5

Towards the sides of the body

Question 6

Distal

Answer 6

Away from the center or point of attachment

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Near the center or point of attachment opposite of distal

Question 8

External or Superficial

Answer 8

Near the surface of the body

Question 9

Internal or Deep

Answer 9

Far from the surface of the body

Question 10

Dorsal

Answer 10

The back side

Question 11

Ventral

Answer 11

The front side

Question 12

Normal anatomical position

Answer 12

Erect standing position with arms at rest and palms free

Risk of fainting or falling no venipuncture like this

Question 13

Supine

Answer 13

Lying or reclining face up on back

Best position for phlebotomy when patients in bed

Question 14

Prone

Answer 14

Lying face toward bed on stomach

Not recommended for venipuncture awkward orientation of arms

Question 15

Lateral recumbent position

Answer 15

Lying on left side

Not recommended for venipuncture patient can roll over harmful needle insertion

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

Body strives for a steady.state remaining the same. Healthy body remains normal healthy condition

Question 17

Hemostasis

Answer 17

The blood coagulation system. Control of blood clotting

Question 18

Cardiovascular system

Answer 18

Transport network that effects every part of the body within seconds

The term cardiovascular refers to : cardiac muscle the heart the vascular system blood vessels that include veins,arteries,capillaries and the circulating blood.

Question 19

Lab results used for the following reasons

Answer 19

1. Diagnosis -heart enzyme levels help establish diagnosis of a heart attack
2. Monitoring- glucose levels are used to monitor treatment of diabetes
3. Therapy- drug levels can help determine effective dosage and prevent toxicity
4. Screening- tests such as prostatic specific antigen can help the detection of prostate cancer

Question 20

Most common body samples used for clinical lab analysis are

Answer 20

Blood and urine

Question 21

Heart functions

Answer 21

• Muscular organ about size of an adults closed fist
• Contractions push blood throughout the body
• Average heart beats 60-80 times per minute

Question 22

Aorta

Answer 22

• Largest artery of the body

- supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

Question 23

Atria and ventricles

Answer 23

Two upper and lower chambers of the heart contract to push blood through the heart

Question 24

Vena cavae

Answer 24

- Largest vein of the body | - Carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 25

Arteries

Answer 25

- Have thicker elastic walls - away from the heart - carries oxygenated blood bright red - transport blood from right and left chambers of heart to entire body - have a pulse

Question 26

Veins

Answer 26

- Transfers blood back yo heart and lungs - blood dark in color - have thin walls that appear bluish - carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs to release carbon dioxide

Question 27

Antecubital Area

Answer 27

Anterior side near the bend of the arm preferred for venipuncture

Question 28

Median cubital vein

Answer 28

Best for venipuncture it is generally the largest and best anchored vein

Question 29

Circulating blood

Answer 29

Essential to homeostasis and to sustaining life. Any region of the body that is deprived of blood may die within minutes. Normal adult contains 4-5 liters of blood.

Question 30

Reproductive system

Answer 30

Functions: Responsible for sexual characteristics of male and female proper functioning Common disorders: Infertility, cysts,cancer,sexually transmitted disease, tumors Common laboratory tests: Cytogenic analysis,semen analysts, biopsies, hormone analysis, PSA

Question 31

Iatrogenic anemia

Answer 31

Anemia caused by the medical treatment itself taking large volumes of blood during venipuncture

Question 32

Plasma

Answer 32

Liquid portion of the blood. 90% water and 10% dissolved substances

Question 33

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Answer 33

Size- 4-6million Function- transport O2 and CO2 Formation-bone marrow

Question 34

Leukocytes (WBC)

Answer 34

Size- 5000-9000 Function- defense Formation- bone marrow

Question 35

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 35

Size- 250,000- 450,000 Function- clotting Formation- bone marrow

Question 36

Serum

Answer 36

When blood specimen clots the liquid portion changes from plasma to serum

Question 37

Coagulation phases

Answer 37

Vascular phase- once a blood vessel is injured the vessel constricts (vasoconstriction) to decrease blood flow to area Platelet phase- platelets degranulate, clump together, and stick to injured site to form a plug and inhibit bleeding Coagulation phase- fibrinogen, clotting factors, and calcium are released and form a fibrin mesh or clot Clot reaction- after bleeding stops the clot retracts to heal the torn edges of the vessel Fibrinolysis- when final repair is made and injured vessel heals the clot begins to dissolve or break up (lysis)

Question 38

Capillary blood contains

Answer 38

Cells, plasma, arterial blood, venous blood

Question 39

Cephalic vein

Answer 39

Extends almost to the entire length of the arm