Phlebotomy Flashcards
List the order of draw by color (include name of additive of each tube)
1st- Yellow or Yellow-black-top - requires a sterile specimen
Test: Blood culture/infection
2nd- Light Blue top
Additive: Sodium citrate
Test: Coagulation PT-PTT-INR - Prothrombin
3rd- Red Top
Additive: none
4th- Red-Gray or Gold-Top
Additive: Contains a gel separator and clot activator SST
Test: CMP BMP (must spin in centrifuge for 20mins)
5th- Green
Additive: Sodium Heparin
Test: Chemistry studies
6th- Lavender or purple-top
Additive: EDTA
Test: CBC/ESR/HGBA1c
7th- Pink
Additive: EDTA
TEst; Blood bank use only
8th- Gray top
Additive: Oxalate/Fluoride/Glycolytic
Test: FBS/GTT/Alcohol
9th- Royal Blue
Additive: Lithium
Test: Plasma Toxicology
Name the color of tube required for the following tests:
BMP: Red-gray - Gold
CMP: Red-Gray or Gold
CBS: lavender or purple
PT/PTT (prothrombin time): Light blue
INR: light blue
Glucose: Gray (Fasting test)
HbgA1C: Lavender
Plasma Toxicology: royal blue
Electrolytes: Red
Describe the normal ranges for the following blood tests:
Glucose:
INR:
Cholesterol:
Glucose: 70-126 mg/dl
INR: Under 1.1
Cholesterol: Under 200mg/dl
List the reasons why the following blood tests could be abnormally high or low:
Hemoglobin: Anemia
WBC count: Infection
HgbA1C: Diabetes Mellitus
What blood tests require a fasting sample?
Cholesterol/FBS/GTT
List supplies required for a hematocrit (HCT) micropipette test on an adult/child or infant
Lancet/alcohol/gauze/capillary tube or micropipette tube/clay/ centrifuge
List the capillary sites for the following patients:
Adult/Children
Infant
Adult/Children: Great finger (middle finger) or Ring Finger
Infant: Lateral side of the heel
Which tube is NOT inverted, placing it directly into the tube holder?
RED
What should Happen to all tubes containing an additive after successful blood draw?
Invert the tube and label
What blood components are visible in a centrifuged sample?
Blood clot/ serum/plasma
What is the proper technique for cleaning site for venipuncture on a patient?
Cleaning from the inside to outside. DO not wave or blow on
What is the most important step before performing venipuncture on a patient?
ID the patient
List commonly performed CLIA waived tests in the POL
Urine pregnancy HCG-urinalysis UA-Stool-Rapid Strep- Rapid Flu A/B-HGB- HCT - Glucose
What is a therapeutic blood test and give examples of common drugs requiring therapeutic testing?
Taking a blood test while the patient currently on the medication to check for liver damage or toxic levels in the blood. (Theo-24 theophylline)
List test NOT performed under the CLIA guidlness in a POL
Microscopic UA-Microcopic analysis- HCGA1C (A1c)- Gram stain - HCGBeta (tumor markers)
Describe a hematoma
a bRuise (blood seeps into the tissue)
While performing venipuncture, the MA notices the bevel has slipped out and the blood is seeping out onto the skin, what should be MA do next?
take off the tourniquet, take out needle and apply pressure
List improper techniques that could cause a needle stick
MA not using safety device- in a hurry - MA not using standard precautions
List steps taken by the MA if a patient is injured or cut during a capillary puncture
Clean area, bandage patient and put broken glass in sharps container
List steps the MA should follow if a patient has a history of syncope or feels faint during a blood draw
Draw blood lying down in the supine or recumbent position. Have ice ready and pulse oximeter ready
where should ALL used needles be placed?
Sharps container or puncture proof container
List steps for patient feeling dizziness/tingling after giving a. blood donation
Have patient lay down in the supine recumbent position. Apply cold compress, apply pressure and lift legs up
What precautions should be taken with patients on the blood thinner, Coumadin?
Ma should allow more time for the vein to coagulate. Direct pressure and elevate arm if bleeding persists
Explain steps for calibration of Glucometer.
+ or - by 3 to get an average range of the meters calibrated ranges. Examples range is 15.2 - 16.5. Meter read 15.0 you would add 3 and would still be in range
Explain proper procedure for blood draw on a patient with mastectomy
Draw blood on the opposite side of mastectomy
List the 3 commonly used veins in the antecubital (fossa) and which vein should be a last choice option and why?
1 Site: Medial Cubital Vein - usually straight and larger easy to draw from
2 Site: Cephalic Vein located on the thumb side of the hand
3 Site: Basilic vein on pinky side of arm usually near a nerve cause tinging, bruising and pain if MA is not careful
