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PHLEBOTOMY > PHLEBOTOMY > Flashcards

PHLEBOTOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What is RBC?

A

Red Blood Cells

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2
Q

What is WBC

A

White Blood Cells

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3
Q

What is the primary role of the phlebotomist?

A

the collection of blood samples for lab analysis to diagnose and monitor medical conditions

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4
Q

Verbal and listening skills make up _

A

20% of communication

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5
Q

Non-verbal skills contribute _

A

approximately 80%

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6
Q

Blood is analyzed in what 3 forms?

A

Whole blood, plasma and serum

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7
Q

Not all tubes are centrifuged (not spun), T or F

A

True

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8
Q

A good specimen serum/plasma will be _

A

pale yellow, straw like

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9
Q

What is Hemolyzed?

A

specimens that appear red because of the release of hemoglobin from RBC’s

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10
Q

What is Inversion?

A

Flipping the tube upside down

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11
Q

What are the causes of Hemolysis? (4 causes)

A

-Not allowing the alcohol to dry before drawing
-Leaving tourniquet on too long
-Not using proper gauge needle
-Not inverting tubes correctly

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12
Q

What is Icteric?

A

specimens that are yellow because of the presence of excess bilirubin

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13
Q

What is Lipemic?

A

specimens that are cloudy because of increased lipids

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14
Q

What is Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)?

A

A nonprofit organization that publishes recommendations performance of lab testing, develops standard of care for lab procedures. develops laboratory standards worldwide

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15
Q

What is Joint Commission( JC)?

A

Accredits and Certifies more than 15,000 healthcare organizations and programs in the US.

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16
Q

What is College of American Pathologist (CAP)?

A

An organization of board certified pathologist advocates high quality and cost effective medical care provides lab accreditation and proficiency testing for labs, perform on site inspections

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17
Q

What is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)?

A

It protects the privacy of your patients

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18
Q

What is Malpractice?

A

It is misconduct or lack of skill by a health care professional that results in injury to the patient

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19
Q

What is Negligence?

A

defined as failure to give reasonable care by the healthcare provider must be proved in malpractice suit

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20
Q

What are the 3 different forms of Consent?

A

Informed, Expressed and Implied

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21
Q

What is Informed consent?

A

Explain the medical procedure, possible risks and results. NON-JARGON. Patient believes HCP is competent to perform procedure

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22
Q

What is Expressed consent?

A

After HCP explains procedure patient either gives consent in writing or verbally

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23
Q

What is Implied consent?

A

gives consent to collect the blood sample by extending arm or rolling up sleeve

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24
Q

What is Infectious Agent?

A

1st stage- consist of bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses

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25
Q

What is Reservoir?

A

2nd stage- place where the infectious agent can live and possibly multiply (human, animals and other objects)

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26
Q

What is Portal of Exit?

A

3rd stage- A way to exit the reservoir in order to continue the chain of infection (nose, mouth, or other mucous membranes)

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27
Q

What is Means of Transmission?

A

4th Stage- Once the infectious agent has left the reservoir it must have a way to reach the susceptible host (Direct, droplet, airborne, vehicle or vector)

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28
Q

What is Portal of Entry?

A

(same as portal of exit) infectious agent has been transmitted to a new reservoir it must have a means to enter the reservoir (nose, mouth, etc)

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29
Q

What is Susceptible Host?

A

This can be a patient or another health care provider, Patients have lower immune systems due to illness

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30
Q

What is Nosocomial?

A

Infection acquired by a patient during a hospital stay

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31
Q

What is Health Care Acquired Infections (HAI)?

A

An infection acquired by a patient as the result of a health care procedure that may or may not require a hospital stay

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32
Q

List the Departments in a hospital and what they mean (10)

A

-Labor & Delivery: Child Birth
-Nursery: Infants
-Pediatrics: Children
-Emergency Room: Immediate Care
-Operating Room: Surgical Procedures
-Recovery Room: Postoperative patients
-Oncology Center: Cancer Treatment
-Intensive Care Unit: Critically Ill patients
-Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery: Newborns experiencing difficulty
-Psychiatric Unit: Mentally disturbed patients

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33
Q

What is Assault?

A

threat

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34
Q

What is Battery?

A

the action

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35
Q

What are the 5 Isolations?

A

Droplet, Contact, Airborne, Vehicle and Vector

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36
Q

What is Droplet?

A

host inhales material from the reservoir such as aerosol droplets

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37
Q

What is Contact?

A

Direct contact, unprotected host touches or is touched by reservoir

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38
Q

What is Airborne?

A

Inhalation of dried aerosol nuclei circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles

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39
Q

What is Vehicle?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

40
Q

What is Vector?

A

Parasites such as malaria transmitted by mosquito bite

41
Q

Negligence is bad practice, T or F

A

True

42
Q

What are the 10 things on a phlebotomy tray?

A

-Needles
-Gauze
-Needle Holders
-Tubes
-Butterfly Needles( Winged Infusion Set)
-Tourniquets
-Paper Tape
-Alcohol Pads
-Transfer Devices
-Syringe: manipulate & controls the blood flow

43
Q

Needles Gauges

A

Smaller the number the bigger the needle

44
Q

Needle Gauges- 16 to 18 ___

A

Donor Units

45
Q

Needles Gauges- 21 & 22 ___

A

Regular Draws

46
Q

Needles Gauges- 23 & 25 ____

A

Butterfly needles hard sticks, often causes hemolysis

47
Q

Never do what to a needle

A

Never re cap a needle

48
Q

What is Syringe Method?

A

Syringe method is for fragile veins, phlebotomist can manipulate and control the blood flow. Can slowly retrieve the blood. When using syringe method always use a transfer device

49
Q

When do you use Butterfly Needles? (8)

A

-Patients with small veins (hand or wrist)
-Pediatric patients
-Geriatric Patients
-Oncology Patients
-Restrictive Positions
-Severely Burned
-Fragile skin/veins
-Patients who specifically ask

50
Q

What is Syncope?

A

When a patient faints

51
Q

What do you first if a patient faints?

A

Firstly remove tourniquet

52
Q

What do you do if a patient has an IV?

A

Draw from opposing arm if both arms have IV then have RN turn off IV (takes 15 mins) and then draw below

53
Q

What are the 3 Major Veins?

A

Median Cubital (Vein of choice)- large and doesn’t move
Cephalic- thumb side harder to locate (lateral side of your arm)
Basilic- tendency to roll

54
Q

How many times can you legally stick a patient?

A

Twice

55
Q

In what order should patients be prioritized?

A

1st- STAT
2nd- TIME
3rd- Routine

56
Q

What is Hematoma?

A

not applying enough pressure. hematoma is a bruise

57
Q

What is Petechia?

A

Small red bumps

58
Q

What is Basal State and what are 3 examples?

A

Ideal time to collect blood from patient, most reliable blood reading such as
- early morning (12 hours after food ingestion)
-fasting
-no exercise

59
Q

What tests require the patient to be in a Basal Test?

A

Glucose, Cholesterol, triglycerides and electrolytes

60
Q

What are the 7 areas to avoid during a blood draw?

A

1- Damaged veins: scar tissue
2- Hematoma: bruising
3- Edema: swelling of tissue (fluid)
4- Burns (tattoos, scar tissue)
5- Mastectomy: breast removal
6- IV: use opposing arm if on both call RN
7- Fistula: dialysis do not use that side

61
Q

What is the order of draw?

A

-Yellow (SPS) or Blood Cultures
-Light Blue (sodium citrate)
-Serum: Red, Gold, SST & Speckled (Red/Gray)
-Green (Plasma separator tubes) Light Green (Heparin)
-Lavender (EDTA)
-Gray (Potassium Oxalate/ Sodium Fluoride)
-Yellow (ACD) Paternity
LITTLE BOY SAYS GRANDMA LETS GO

62
Q

What is the order of draw for dermal puncture(finger stick)?

A

-Special: CBG, Blood Smear, PKU
-EDTA
-Green: Heparin
-Serum: Red, Gold

63
Q

What is Thrombocytes?

A

Cells involved with clotting (Platelet)

64
Q

What is centrifuged?

A

Spinning tubes

65
Q

What tests are done with the light blue tube? (4)

A

-PT
-PTT
-Fibrinogen
-D-Dimer

66
Q

What tests are done with the lavender tube? (5)

A

-CBC
-Hematocrit
-Hemoglobin
-Retic Count
-ESR ( sed rate)

67
Q

What tests are done with pink tube? (3)

A
  • Type of Screen
    -Antibodies
    -Cross Match
68
Q

What tests are done with Red/Gold/Green/Gray tubes? (6)

A

-Glucose
-Drug Screen
-Toxicology
-Alcohol
-Cholesterol
-Cardiac enzymes

69
Q

Babies should not get a heel stick 24-48 hours after birth to check for sepsis T or F?

A

False, they should get checked

70
Q

What does FUO stand for?

A

Fever of Unknown Origin

71
Q

What is Throught Level?

A

before given medication, immediately 30 mins before the next scheduled

72
Q

What is Peak level?

A

draw right after given medication

73
Q

What are ABG & CBG used for?

A

fundamental diagnostic tools used in the medical field to assess a patients respiratory and metabolic status

74
Q

What is ABG?

A

measures the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to see how well your lungs are working.

75
Q

What is CBG?

A

A test in which the number, type, and characteristics of blood cells are determined by examining a stained blood smear under a microscope. Normally it is a finger stick

76
Q

What is GTT?

A

a procedure that determines whether a patient can use and store glucose normally

77
Q

What is the Bleeding Time Test?

A

determining how long it takes for your blood to clot

78
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count

79
Q

What is PKU?

A

a blood test given to newborns one to three days after birth. usually a heel stick

80
Q

What is Sepsis?

A

infection in blood

81
Q

What is aerobic?

A

Oxygen (use first for syringe)

82
Q

What is anaerobic?

A

no oxygen, usually first

83
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Stoppage of blood flow from a damaged blood vessel

84
Q

What is Hemochromatosis?

A

excessive accumulation of iron in the body

85
Q

What is Hemoconcentration?

A

an abnormally high concentration of blood

86
Q

What is Mucosal Lactose?

A

enzyme that breaks down lactose from milk

87
Q

What is HCG?

A

hormone tested for pregnancy

88
Q

What is Osteochrondritis?

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

89
Q

What is Osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of the bone caused by infection

90
Q

What is Jaundiced?

A

Appearing Yellow

91
Q

What is Iatrogenic Anemia?

A

a type of anemia caused by too many blood draws

92
Q

If a baby is less than 1 year old they get a ____

A

heel stick

93
Q

What is Suprapubic?

A

inserting a sterile needle directly into bladder

94
Q

What are specimens shielded by light? (3)

A

-Bilirubin
-Beta-Carotene
-Folate

95
Q

What are specimens placed on ice? (5)

A

-Ammonia
-Lactic Acid
-Acetone
-Gastrin
-Renin

96
Q

What are Specimens placed on Warm Pack?

A

Anything with ‘Cryo-‘
-Cryofibrinogen
-Cryoglobulin

97
Q

What is OSHA?

A

Occupational Safety Health Administration assures safe work conditions for workers by enforcing work place laws and standards

PHLEBOTOMY (1 decks)

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