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PHLEB > PHLEB 2 > Flashcards

PHLEB 2 Flashcards

1
Q

vascular fluid that transports nutrients, wastes products, gases and hormones through the circulatory system

A

blood

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2
Q

normal blood volume of average adults

A

5-6L

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3
Q

how many months till you can donate blood again

A

6 months to donate again

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4
Q

study of blood

A

hematology

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5
Q

specialists in blood disorders

A

hematologists

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6
Q

3 components of blood

A

solid, gas, liquid

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7
Q

types of solid components of blood

A

RBC, WBC, Platelets

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8
Q

types of gas components of blood

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide

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9
Q

types of liquid components of blood

A

plasma and serum

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10
Q

how many percentage of solid components of blood are there?

A

45%

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11
Q

how many percentage of h2o is plasma?

A

91%

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12
Q

how many percentage of dissolved substances are there in plasma

A

9%

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13
Q

how many percentage of blood is liquid?

A

55%

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14
Q

serum is the liquid portion of what?

A

clotted blood

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15
Q

what is the liquid portion of the clotted blood

A

serum

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16
Q

serum consists of what?

A

albumin and globulin

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17
Q

serum has no what?

A

fibrinogen

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18
Q

liquid portion of the unclotted blood

A

plasma

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19
Q

plasma is the liquid portion of the what?

A

unclotted blood

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20
Q

plasma consists of what?

A

fibrinogen, albumin, globulin

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21
Q

plasma is obtained by the use of what?

A

anticoagulant

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22
Q

what is the other name for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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23
Q

what is the size range of red blood cells

A

6-8 microns

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24
Q

what is the average size of red blood cells

A

7.2 microns

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25
Q

the red color of RBC is because of ________ which is responsible for transporting O2 and CO2

A

hemoglobin

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26
Q

hemoglobin consists of two parts. What are they?

A

Heme and Globin

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27
Q

what part of hemoglobin contains iron?

A

heme

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28
Q

Where is the production and maturation site of red blood cells

A

bone marrow

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29
Q

how many microliters of redblood cellsare they?

A

4.5-6.0 million/uL of blood

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30
Q

what gender has a higher value of red blood cell?

A

men

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31
Q

life span of red blood cells

A

120 days

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32
Q

what is the graveyard of erythrocytes

A

liver and spleen

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33
Q

what destroys red blood cells?

A

macrophages

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34
Q

what happens to the iron in red blood cells after it is destroyed

A

reused in new cells

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35
Q

the surface of red blood cell contains what?

A

antigens

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36
Q

four possible ABO antigens

A

A Antigen, B Antigen, Both A and B Antigen, Neither A nor B Antigen

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37
Q

this contains antibodies

A

plasma

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38
Q

Four possible ABO antibodies

A

Antibody A, Antibody B, Both Anti-A and Anti-B, Neither Anti-A nor Anti-B

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39
Q

occurs when a person receives a different group of blood because a person’s natural antibody will destroy the donor RBC’s that contain the antigen specific for the antibodies

A

Transfusion Reaction

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40
Q

when fetus develops different blood type than mother

A

Hemolytic Disease of the fetal/newborn

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41
Q

its function is to provide immunity thru production of antibodies, destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.

A

Leukocytes

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42
Q

where is the leukocytes formed?

A

bone marrow

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43
Q

how many microliters of white blood cells

A

4,500-11,000 per uL of blood

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44
Q

Differential White Blood Cell Count

A

Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Basophil

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45
Q

distinct granules

A

Granulocytes

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46
Q

what color is a basophil

A

bluish-black

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47
Q

large granules that obscure the cytoplasm

A

basophils

48
Q

what color is eosinophils

A

orange-red

49
Q

it has 2-3 lobes

A

Eosinophils

50
Q

what color is a neutrophil

A

Lilac Granules

51
Q

it has 3-5 lobes

A

neutrophils

52
Q

not so distinct granules

A

agranulocytes

53
Q

almost the same size with RBC: round nucleus almost covering the entire cell

A

Lymphocytes

54
Q

it is the largest WBC

A

Monocytes

55
Q

2 types of Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes

56
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils

57
Q

percent of Neutrophil

A

40-60%

58
Q

percent of lymphocytes

A

20-40%

59
Q

percent of monocytes

A

3-8%

60
Q

percentage of eosinophil

A

1-3%

61
Q

percent of basophil

A

0-1%

62
Q

what does neutrophil fight against

A

bacterial infection/acute disease

63
Q

what does lymphocytes fight against

A

viral infection

64
Q

what does monocytes fight against

A

chronic infection

65
Q

what does eosinophil fight against

A

parasitic infection/allergies

66
Q

what does basophils fight against

A

allergies

67
Q

appearance of platelets

A

anucleate cells

68
Q

size of platelets in diameter

A

2-4 microns

69
Q

small; irregularly shaped

A

platelets

70
Q

platelets are the cellular fragments of what?

A

megakaryocytes

71
Q

1 megakaryocytes is equal to how many platelets

A

2000-4000 platelets

72
Q

life span of platelets

A

9-12 days

73
Q

how many platelets per microliter of blood

A

140,000-440,000

74
Q

Platelets prevents bleeding by forming what?

A

temporary platelet plug

75
Q

It plays a vital role in blood clotting process

A

Platelets

76
Q

It is a complex mechanism that involves blood vessels, platelets, coagulation/clotting factors

A

Hemostasis

77
Q

the process of forming a blood clot to stop the leakage of blood whenever there is an injury to the blood

A

Hemostasis

78
Q

How many stage are there in coagulation/hemostasis

A

4 stages

79
Q
  • Blood vessels and platelets respond to injury
  • blood vessels constrict to slow the flow of blood to the injured are (vessel spasm)
  • platelets become sticky; clump together (platelet aggregation) and adhere to the injured vessel wall (platelet adhesion) to form a temporary platelet plug to stop bleeding
A

Stage 1 (primary hemostasis)

80
Q
  • blood vessels constrict to slow the flow of blood to the injured are
A

vessel spasm

81
Q

when platelets become sticky and clump together

A

platelet aggregation

82
Q

when platelets adhere to the injure vessel wall

A

platelet adhesion

83
Q
  • activation of coagulation cascade that initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot
A

Stage 2 (Secondary hemostasis)

84
Q

activation of this initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot

A

coagulation cascade

85
Q

activation of coagulation cascade initiate formation of _______ _________ to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot

A

fibrin strands

86
Q

activation of coagulation cascade initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a ______ ____

A

fibrin clot

87
Q
  • the last factor in the coagulation cascade (Factor XIII) stabilizes the fibrin clot
  • this produces retraction (tightening of the clot)
A

stage 3

88
Q
  • after the injury to the blood vessel has healed; the process of fibrinolysis degrades the fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products (FDP’s)
A

Stage 4

89
Q
  • after the injury to the blood vessel has healed; the process of _________ degrades the fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products (FDP’s)
A

fibrinolysis

90
Q

what is the meaning FDP’s

A

fibrin degradation products

91
Q

bulge formed by a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel; usually an artery that burst and cause severe hemorrhage.

A

Aneurysm

92
Q

hardening of the artery walls contributing to aneurysm or stroke

A

arteriosclerosis

93
Q

form of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries causing the lumen of the vessel to narrow and stimulate clot formation

A

atherosclerosis

94
Q

moving clot that can obstruct a blood vessel

A

embolism

95
Q

inflammation of the vein wall causing pain and tenderness

A

phlebitis

96
Q

obstruction of a blood vessel by a stationary blood clot

A

thrombosis

97
Q

swollen peripheral veins caused by damage valves allowing backflow of the blood causing edema (swelling) in the tissues

A

varicose veins

98
Q

swelling in the tissues

A

edema

99
Q

sharp chest pain caused by decrease blood flow to the heart usually because of an obstruction in the coronary arteries

A

angina pectoris

100
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by a bacterial infection (Staphylococcus Epidermidis)

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

101
Q

bacteria in bacterial endocarditis

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

102
Q

impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently, causing fluid accumulation in the lungs and tissues.

A

Congestive Heart Failure

103
Q

death

A

necrosis

104
Q

death (necrosis) of the heart muscle cause by lack of oxygen to the myocardium because of an occluded artery

A

myocardial infarction

105
Q

it is commonly known as a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

106
Q

inflammation of the pericardium of the heart caused by bacteria, viruses, trauma, or malignancy

A

pericarditis

107
Q

autoimmune disorder affecting heart tissue following a streptococcal infection

A

rheumatic heart disease

108
Q

decrease rbc count or hemoglobin in the circulating blood

A

anemia

109
Q

increased WBC in the bone marrow and circulating blood

A

leukemia

110
Q

increased WBC or leukocytes in the circulating blood as seen in infections

A

Leukocytosis

111
Q

Decreased WBC or leukocytes in the blood often caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy

A

Leukocytopenia/Leukopenia

112
Q

increased RBC count causing blood to be viscous

A

Polycythemia Vera

113
Q

Decreased number of circulating platelets, frequently seen in patients receiving chemotherapy, with dengue hemorrhagic fever; spontaneous bleeding can result.

A

Thrombocytopenia

114
Q

Increased number of circulating platelets

A

thrombocytosis

115
Q

Increased number of circulating platelets

A

Thrombocytosis

PHLEB (4 decks)

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