PHLEB 2 Flashcards
vascular fluid that transports nutrients, wastes products, gases and hormones through the circulatory system
blood
normal blood volume of average adults
5-6L
how many months till you can donate blood again
6 months to donate again
study of blood
hematology
specialists in blood disorders
hematologists
3 components of blood
solid, gas, liquid
types of solid components of blood
RBC, WBC, Platelets
types of gas components of blood
oxygen, carbon dioxide
types of liquid components of blood
plasma and serum
how many percentage of solid components of blood are there?
45%
how many percentage of h2o is plasma?
91%
how many percentage of dissolved substances are there in plasma
9%
how many percentage of blood is liquid?
55%
serum is the liquid portion of what?
clotted blood
what is the liquid portion of the clotted blood
serum
serum consists of what?
albumin and globulin
serum has no what?
fibrinogen
liquid portion of the unclotted blood
plasma
plasma is the liquid portion of the what?
unclotted blood
plasma consists of what?
fibrinogen, albumin, globulin
plasma is obtained by the use of what?
anticoagulant
what is the other name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
what is the size range of red blood cells
6-8 microns
what is the average size of red blood cells
7.2 microns
the red color of RBC is because of ________ which is responsible for transporting O2 and CO2
hemoglobin
hemoglobin consists of two parts. What are they?
Heme and Globin
what part of hemoglobin contains iron?
heme
Where is the production and maturation site of red blood cells
bone marrow
how many microliters of redblood cellsare they?
4.5-6.0 million/uL of blood
what gender has a higher value of red blood cell?
men
life span of red blood cells
120 days
what is the graveyard of erythrocytes
liver and spleen
what destroys red blood cells?
macrophages
what happens to the iron in red blood cells after it is destroyed
reused in new cells
the surface of red blood cell contains what?
antigens
four possible ABO antigens
A Antigen, B Antigen, Both A and B Antigen, Neither A nor B Antigen
this contains antibodies
plasma
Four possible ABO antibodies
Antibody A, Antibody B, Both Anti-A and Anti-B, Neither Anti-A nor Anti-B
occurs when a person receives a different group of blood because a person’s natural antibody will destroy the donor RBC’s that contain the antigen specific for the antibodies
Transfusion Reaction
when fetus develops different blood type than mother
Hemolytic Disease of the fetal/newborn
its function is to provide immunity thru production of antibodies, destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.
Leukocytes
where is the leukocytes formed?
bone marrow
how many microliters of white blood cells
4,500-11,000 per uL of blood
Differential White Blood Cell Count
Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Basophil
distinct granules
Granulocytes
what color is a basophil
bluish-black
large granules that obscure the cytoplasm
basophils
what color is eosinophils
orange-red
it has 2-3 lobes
Eosinophils
what color is a neutrophil
Lilac Granules
it has 3-5 lobes
neutrophils
not so distinct granules
agranulocytes
almost the same size with RBC: round nucleus almost covering the entire cell
Lymphocytes
it is the largest WBC
Monocytes
2 types of Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
3 types of granulocytes
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
percent of Neutrophil
40-60%
percent of lymphocytes
20-40%
percent of monocytes
3-8%
percentage of eosinophil
1-3%
percent of basophil
0-1%
what does neutrophil fight against
bacterial infection/acute disease
what does lymphocytes fight against
viral infection
what does monocytes fight against
chronic infection
what does eosinophil fight against
parasitic infection/allergies
what does basophils fight against
allergies
appearance of platelets
anucleate cells
size of platelets in diameter
2-4 microns
small; irregularly shaped
platelets
platelets are the cellular fragments of what?
megakaryocytes
1 megakaryocytes is equal to how many platelets
2000-4000 platelets
life span of platelets
9-12 days
how many platelets per microliter of blood
140,000-440,000
Platelets prevents bleeding by forming what?
temporary platelet plug
It plays a vital role in blood clotting process
Platelets
It is a complex mechanism that involves blood vessels, platelets, coagulation/clotting factors
Hemostasis
the process of forming a blood clot to stop the leakage of blood whenever there is an injury to the blood
Hemostasis
How many stage are there in coagulation/hemostasis
4 stages
- Blood vessels and platelets respond to injury
- blood vessels constrict to slow the flow of blood to the injured are (vessel spasm)
- platelets become sticky; clump together (platelet aggregation) and adhere to the injured vessel wall (platelet adhesion) to form a temporary platelet plug to stop bleeding
Stage 1 (primary hemostasis)
- blood vessels constrict to slow the flow of blood to the injured are
vessel spasm
when platelets become sticky and clump together
platelet aggregation
when platelets adhere to the injure vessel wall
platelet adhesion
- activation of coagulation cascade that initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot
Stage 2 (Secondary hemostasis)
activation of this initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot
coagulation cascade
activation of coagulation cascade initiate formation of _______ _________ to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot
fibrin strands
activation of coagulation cascade initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a ______ ____
fibrin clot
- the last factor in the coagulation cascade (Factor XIII) stabilizes the fibrin clot
- this produces retraction (tightening of the clot)
stage 3
- after the injury to the blood vessel has healed; the process of fibrinolysis degrades the fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products (FDP’s)
Stage 4
- after the injury to the blood vessel has healed; the process of _________ degrades the fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products (FDP’s)
fibrinolysis
what is the meaning FDP’s
fibrin degradation products
bulge formed by a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel; usually an artery that burst and cause severe hemorrhage.
Aneurysm
hardening of the artery walls contributing to aneurysm or stroke
arteriosclerosis
form of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries causing the lumen of the vessel to narrow and stimulate clot formation
atherosclerosis
moving clot that can obstruct a blood vessel
embolism
inflammation of the vein wall causing pain and tenderness
phlebitis
obstruction of a blood vessel by a stationary blood clot
thrombosis
swollen peripheral veins caused by damage valves allowing backflow of the blood causing edema (swelling) in the tissues
varicose veins
swelling in the tissues
edema
sharp chest pain caused by decrease blood flow to the heart usually because of an obstruction in the coronary arteries
angina pectoris
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by a bacterial infection (Staphylococcus Epidermidis)
Bacterial Endocarditis
bacteria in bacterial endocarditis
staphylococcus epidermidis
impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently, causing fluid accumulation in the lungs and tissues.
Congestive Heart Failure
death
necrosis
death (necrosis) of the heart muscle cause by lack of oxygen to the myocardium because of an occluded artery
myocardial infarction
it is commonly known as a heart attack
myocardial infarction
inflammation of the pericardium of the heart caused by bacteria, viruses, trauma, or malignancy
pericarditis
autoimmune disorder affecting heart tissue following a streptococcal infection
rheumatic heart disease
decrease rbc count or hemoglobin in the circulating blood
anemia
increased WBC in the bone marrow and circulating blood
leukemia
increased WBC or leukocytes in the circulating blood as seen in infections
Leukocytosis
Decreased WBC or leukocytes in the blood often caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy
Leukocytopenia/Leukopenia
increased RBC count causing blood to be viscous
Polycythemia Vera
Decreased number of circulating platelets, frequently seen in patients receiving chemotherapy, with dengue hemorrhagic fever; spontaneous bleeding can result.
Thrombocytopenia
Increased number of circulating platelets
thrombocytosis
Increased number of circulating platelets
Thrombocytosis
