Philospohy Final Questions Flashcards
What is critical thinking?
“Critical Thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe”
True or False.
Critical thinking is a domain-general skill
True.
Critical thinking is useful no matter what you do
What is an argument?
An argument is a set of statements. One statement is the conclusion and supported by other statements.
What are statements?
Statements are sentences or parts of sentences that assert that something is the case
Which is NOT a type of sentence?
a) Statements
b) Interrogative
c) Complex
d) Imperative
Complex
An interrogative sentence is…
Sentences that ask a question
An imperative sentence is…
Sentences that issue a command
A statement is…
Sentences that are used to make assertions
This type of form is:
(P1) It is raining.
(P2) If it is raining, then it is wet outside.
(P3) Therefore, It is wet outside.
Standard Form
True or False.
An argument is sound when it is valid and all its premises are true.
True
What DOESN’T make an argument valid?
a) If there is no logically possible situation
b) All the premises are true
c) The conclusion is false as well
d) The argument has a true conclusion
The argument has a true conclusion
An invalidating counterexample is…
For an argument is logically possible scenario, where the premise is true and the conclusion is false
X is a necessary condition for Y just in case X is required for Y.
True
X is a sufficient condition for Y just in case X guarantees Y.
True
What type of impossibility is this?
It is impossible for a triangle to have 4 sides.
Logical impossibility
What type of impossibility is this?
It is not possible to travel faster than light.
Nomological impossibility
What type of impossibility is this?
You can’t drink if you are under 19.
Legal impossibility
True or false.
An argument is valid if and only if there is no logically possible situation where all the premises are true and the conclusion is false at the same time.
True
An implicit premise is…
Part of an argument that is not explicitly stated
True or False
An inductive argument is an invalid argument
True
True or False.
An inductively strong argument has a conclusion that is always true.
False
True or False.
An inductive argument has to do with how strong the conclusion is not the supporting premises.
False
A deductive argument is…
An argument intended to be valid
An inductive argument is…
An argument intended to be inductively strong