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IShare Deck > Philosophy, Test 1 > Flashcards

Philosophy, Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Why should we care about philosophy?

A

To enrich lives and the world understanding

To confront deeper questions of world mad life

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1
Q

What is philosophy?

A

Love of wisdom

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2
Q

What are the qualities of critically thinking?

A 
Open-minded
Knowledgeable
Mentally active
Curious
Independent thinkers
Skilled discussants
Insightful
Self-aware
Creative
Passionate
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3
Q

What is “having” a philosophy?

A

A collection of beliefs used to guide his/her thoughts and actions

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4
Q

What is doing philosophy?

A

Thinking critically and examining

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5
Q

What were Bertrand Russell’s thoughts on the value of philosophy?

A

Everything has value

Examining one’s life for questions if it brings it up

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6
Q

What is a premise?

A

Statements that support a conclusion

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7
Q

What is a conclusion?

A

Statement that receives support from premises

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8
Q

What type of argument moves from a specific premise to a general conclusion?

A

Inductive argument

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9
Q

What are deductive arguments?

A

Statements that move from a general premise to a specific conclusion

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10
Q

What are the branches of philosophy?

A 
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Political and social
Aesthetics
Logic
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11
Q

What is the study of ultimate characteristics of reality/experience?

A

Metaphysics

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12
Q

________is the study of knowledge for what we know and why we know it.

A

Epistemology

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13
Q

What are ethics?

A

The study of moral values and principles

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14
Q

_______________ is the study of social values and political forms of government.

A

Political and social philosophy

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15
Q

What are aesthetics?

A

The study of beauty, art, and taste

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16
Q

______________seeks to establish the rules of correct reasoning, clear understanding, and arguments.

A

Logic

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17
Q

What is irony?

A

Form of rhetoric that has at least two conflicting meanings

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18
Q

What is dialectic?

A

Dynamic exchange or method of contradiction

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19
Q

What method uses dynamic questions and intellectual analysis?

A

The Socratic Method

20
Q

What are the types of fallacies?

A

False generalization
Causal
Relevance

21
Q

What fallacies is when someone jumps to conclusions too soon/quickly?

A

False generalization

22
Q

What is causal fallacies?

A

The state of attributing causes to events and situations

23
Q

What are the fallacies of relevance?

A

Arguments that appeal for support to factors that have little or nothing to do with the argument being offered

24
Q

What did the Pre-socratics say?

A

If the gods can’t agree then how do we know the answer was true?

25
Q

What did Thales believe?

A

That the primal element of the universe was water

26
Q

Who suggested that the primal element of the universe was air?

A

Anaximander

27
Q

What did Heraclitus believe?

A

That the primal element of the universe was fire because “all change”

28
Q

Who believed that the world of change is an illusion and that reality is unchanging and eternal?

A

Parmenides

29
Q

What were some of the core teachings of Socrates?

A

The unexamined life is not worth living
Truth lies within each of us
We should strive for excellence in all areas of life
No one knowingly does evil
It’s better to suffer wickedness than to commit it

30
Q

What did people in the Humeric Way believe?

A

Before philosophy myths provided explanations of natural phenomena for ancient Greeks

31
Q

________ focuses on myths and gods by using the method of interpreting the gods?

A

Humeric Way

32
Q

Natural Turn focuses on __________ by using the method of reason and observation.

A

Universe/natural world

33
Q

The Socratic turn focuses on the soul/self by using the method ____________.

A

Question and answer format

34
Q

Why was Socrates’ death important?

A

He thought it was better to die virtuously than to admit to an untruth.
He was still examining his life (philosophizing) as he was being sentenced.
He didn’t think death can be proven to be “bad.”

35
Q

Socrates is known as the ___________ of western philosophy.

A

Father

36
Q

What are the 9 steps of the critical thinking process?

A 
Initial statement
Define the issues
Illustrate your meaning with examples
Explore origins of your position
Identify your assumptions
Support your point of view
Consider other points of view
Arrive at a conclusion
Consider the consequences
37
Q

How do you make an initial statement of the critical thinking process?

A

Give a statement of how you feel about the certain topic

38
Q

How do you define the issue in the critical thinking process?

A

Start with from my point of view, the concept of _________ means __________.

39
Q

How would you illustrate an example of your meaning in the critical thinking process?

A

Generalize all of your personal examples and ideas

40
Q

How do you define “exploring origins of your position” on the critical thinking process?

A

Find out where your point if view started? Have you always had this same point of view?

41
Q

How would you identify your assumptions in the critical thinking process?

A

Give all the assumptions that you have that follow your position

42
Q

Next you should support your view in the critical thinking process. How would you do this?

A

Give facts about your position and explain how the facts were obtained

43
Q

Why should we consider other points of view on our position while evaluating the critical thinking process?

A

To show that we are knowledgeable in our stance on the position that we are holding. By looking at the other points from the other side we can have a better idea why we are standing on the side of the position that we chose

44
Q

What do you do when you arrive at a conclusion in the critical thinking process?

A

Determine whether we can make free choices and if we have clearly debated our point of view on the subject matter

45
Q

The last step in the critical thinking process is to consider the consequences. How would we do this?

A

This conclusion is what is likely to happen if our thought of this position is adopted

46
Q

How did the Sophists compare to Socrates?

A 
Socrates
      Didn't want money for teaching people
      Didn't claim that he made people wiser 
      Believe in universal
Sophists
     Received money for teaching people
     Claimed they made people wiser
     Were  relativists
47
Q

How did the Pre-socratics compare to Socrates?

A

Pre-socratics
Believed that myths and gods had the answers but if the gods didn’t agree how did they know the answer was true.

Socrates
Answered questions based on a question and answer method where would wouldn’t give straight answer he would instead have the person he was talking to answer their own question

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