Philosophy Q1 Flashcards
What is the Socratic Method?
A way of learning by asking and answering questions to challenge ideas and improve thinking.
Who created the Socratic Method?
Socrates, a Greek philosopher.
What is the Socratic Method based on?
Questioning, critical thinking, and exposing contradictions in arguments.
Why is the Socratic Method important?
It helps people develop stronger arguments and think more deeply.
Where is the Socratic Method used today?
In law, philosophy, education, and debates.
How does the Socratic Method work?
A teacher or speaker asks continuous questions to make people explain their ideas better.
What is the title of a map?
The part that tells what the map is about.
What is the legend (key) of a map?
The section that explains the symbols and colors on the map.
What is a compass rose?
A symbol that shows directions (North, East, South, West).
What is a location map?
A small map that shows where the main map area is located within a larger region.
How did people explain natural events before logic?
Through myths, like saying Zeus caused lightning.
How did Greek philosophers explain natural events?
Using reason, logic, and evidence instead of myths.
Who were some philosophers that shifted thinking from myth to logic?
Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus.
What is an example of logic replacing myth?
Instead of saying earthquakes happen because gods are angry, scientists study seismic activity.
What is logic?
The study of reasoning and valid arguments.
What are the three types of logical reasoning?
Deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning.
What is deductive reasoning?
If the facts are true, the conclusion must be true.
What is an example of deductive reasoning?
All humans need oxygen → I am human → I need oxygen.
What is inductive reasoning?
Looking at patterns to make a likely guess.
What is an example of inductive reasoning?
The sun has risen every day → It will probably rise tomorrow.
What is abductive reasoning?
Making the best guess based on clues.
What is an example of abductive reasoning?
A detective sees footprints near a window → Someone probably climbed in.
What is a moral dilemma?
A situation where you must choose between two difficult options.
What is an example of a moral dilemma?
If your friend cheats on a test, do you report them or stay silent?
What are three ways to solve a moral dilemma?
- Follow the rules (Deontological thinking)
- Think about consequences (Utilitarian thinking)
- Act as a good person would (Virtue ethics)
What are the five steps in logical decision-making?
- Identify the problem.
- Gather information.
- Analyze options.
- Apply logic.
- Make a decision.
What is an example of logical decision-making?
Comparing different car options before buying one.
What is good judgment?
Making decisions based on logic, facts, and fairness.
What is a logical fallacy?
A mistake in reasoning that makes an argument weak.
What is an ad hominem fallacy?
Attacking the person instead of their argument.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack.
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
Assuming one small event will lead to extreme consequences.
