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MUSA231 > Philosophy of Music > Flashcards

Philosophy of Music Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Enlightenment?

A

17-18th Century (1685-1789)

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2
Q

What were the 4 main factors of the Enlightenment?

A

Science and Reason
Optimism
Anti-Authority
Humanism

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3
Q

When was Newtons’ Principia Mathematica published?

A

1687

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4
Q

When was the first Encyclopedia published?

A

1751

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5
Q

Name 4 Enlightenment Philosophers.

A

Matheson
Rameau
Rousseau
Kant

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6
Q

What was Matheson’s philosophy?

A

Humanism: what seems natural

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7
Q

What was Rameau’s philosophy?

A

Scientific orientation of music (sonata form and key relationships)

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8
Q

What was Rousseau’s philosophy?

A

Nature/state of nature

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9
Q

What was Kant’s philosophy?

A

critique of pure reason

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10
Q

What are the 4 main pillars of German Philosophy?

A

Introspection
Sensibility
Sense
Individualism

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11
Q

What was German Philosophy a reaction to?

A

population growth
urbanization
nationalism

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12
Q

Name 5 Key German Philosophers.

A

Kant (noumenal/phenomenal world)
Herder
Goethe (Sturm und Drang)
Schiller
Richter

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13
Q

What is the German term for “total artwork” (used by Wagner)?

A

Gesamtkunstwerk

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14
Q

What is Schopenhauer’s philosophy (as admired by Wagner?

A

Striving and Pessimism

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15
Q

Who was in the Conservative group in the Music of the Future Debate?

A

Brahms
Joachim
Schumann

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16
Q

Who was in the New German School?

A

Berlioz
Wagner
Liszt

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17
Q

When was Wagner’s first Music drama?

A

1841

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18
Q

When was Hanslick’s book written and what was it called?

A

On the Musically Beautiful 1854
Absolute music: music is not inherently expressive

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19
Q

What did On the Musically Beautiful assert?

A
  1. Music does not express emotion
  2. Understanding leads to appreciation (intellectual approach to music
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20
Q

When and where was the Belle Epoque?

A

Paris
Late 19th Century, Early 20th Century

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21
Q

Symbolism: What did Baudelaire’s poem say?

A

the landscape is born of the imagined

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22
Q

Name 4 Symbolist thinkers.

A

Baudelaire
Villiers
Maeterlinck
Mallarme

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23
Q

What famous play by Mallarme did Debussy turn into a symbolist ballet with the Ballet Russe? (Nijinksi)

A

L’apres-midi d’un faune

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24
Q

What did Stravinsky strive for (Hanslickian philosophy)?

A

“strive towards a greater abstraction”

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25
Q

What did the Expressionist movement assert?

A

anxiety, sordidness, disorder

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26
Q

Name two Expressionist groups and two Expressionist painters.

A

Die Brucke
Der Blaue Reiter
Van Gogh (Starry night)
Edward Munch (the Scream)

27
Q

Name three Expressionist pieces by Mahler, Strauss, and Bartok respectively

A

Symphony no.6: Mahler
Elektra 1909: Strauss
Bluebeard’s Castle 1911: Bartok

28
Q

Which two movements did Schoenberg prescribe to?

A

Expressionism
Neoclassicism

29
Q

What did Descartes say in regards to Enlightenment thinking?

A

“I think, therefore I am”

30
Q

What were the characteristics of Enlightenment Science?

A

observation, empirical testing

31
Q

What were the characteristics of Enlightenment optimism?

A

Optimism in human capacity and power
expecting progress
attempts to cover all human knowledge (encyclopedia)

32
Q

What were the two focuses of Enlightenment Anti-authority?

A

Church
State

33
Q

What is Humanism? (Enlightenment thought)

A

Humans choose to behave in a certain way for the good of humanity
Social contract that dictates order (a taste of democracy in a monarchy)

34
Q

How were sonata forms related to Enlightenment thinking?

A

Key relationships: rationality
2 key centres (Dominant and tonic)
Note hierarchies

35
Q

What is patronage?

A

wealthy aristocrats/barons paid musicians to compose and perform music

36
Q

What is Pietism?

A

From Lutheran traditions
suffering, introspection

37
Q

Noumenal world

A

What is true

38
Q

Phenomenal world

A

what we percieve the world to be

39
Q

Individualism

A

communication as expression
personal emotions
actions over reason
symbolism
nostalgia/yearning

40
Q

What is the purpose of Lieder?

A

Poetry to song
Outer world reflects inner state of performer

41
Q

What is an Aphorism (Schumann)?

A

pithy quote asserting truth/belief
“Talent labours, genius creates”

42
Q

What is Nationalism in reference to Romantic music?

A

A sense of identification
ruling self
power to the people

43
Q

Who coined the term “The Sublime”?

A

Burke 1729-1797

44
Q

What is the Sublime?

A

Terror to excite
parallel of horror and thrill

45
Q

Name two Romantic paintings that use The Sublime

A

Tiger Hunt 1854
Vesuvius from Portici

46
Q

Name two of Wagner’s operas that employ Gesamtkunstwerk

A

Parsifal
Tristan and Isolde

47
Q

What is the difference between Apollian and Dyonesian philosophy? Who coined the terms?

A

Apollian: logic
Dyonesian: feeling
Nietzche

48
Q

What is striving (the Sublime)?

A

A quest for resolution
highly pessimistic
disillusionment and self-destruction must be used to find the world

49
Q

What did the Formalist school believe?

A

Music should continue in Beethoven’s wake (the Symphony)

50
Q

What did the New German school believe?

A

Programmatic forms, nationalism, and breaking bonds were the way of progress

51
Q

What is impressionism?

A

Looseness of style, capturing what is seen, not replicating

52
Q

Who were the Bourgeoisie?

A

high society in the Belle Epoque
clearly established rules and behaviours

53
Q

What is Symbolism?

A

overlap of the arts
reaction the Theory of Art
Mystery
Deep and profound art
Mystical, idealistic

54
Q

What is Primitivism?

A

emphasis on archaic forms
Picasso’s abstraction, exploring psyche

55
Q

What are the roots of Expressionism? (1905-1930)

A

Failure of optimism
freudian psychoanalysis
pessimism (Schopenhauer, Wagner)
Socialism

Fauvism
Cubism (art)

56
Q

Beethoven said: “I hasten with….

A

joy towards my death”

57
Q

Beethoven said: “Genius proclaims itself…

A

not in the unusual and the fantastic, but in the beautiful and the sublime”

58
Q

Schumann said: “The laws…

A

of morality are also that of art”

59
Q

Rousseau said: “We are…

A

born free and live in chains”

60
Q

Wagner said: “It is not the…

A

individual mind … but the collective”

61
Q

Stravinsky said: “Sublime…
“greater…

A

uprising”
abstraction”

62
Q

Schoenberg said: “concision…

A

and brevity”

63
Q

Schoenberg said: “maximum…

A

spiritual excitement”

MUSA231 (5 decks)

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