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Philosophy: Issues of Life and Death Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Bible say about God’s plan?

A

'’All the days ordained for me were written in your book’’

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2
Q

What did Jacques Monod say about the cause of life?

A

'’Neither his destiny nor his duty have been written down’’

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3
Q

What do different Christians think about the Bible?

A

Creationists take a literal view of the Bible

Liberal Christians say they are myths with carry a symbolic meaning

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4
Q

What does the argument of evolution do?

A

Implies life developed by chance
Undermines holy books –> undermines morals holy books teach
Challenges the teachings of the Bible which states that every species was made according to its kind

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5
Q

What do Christians believe about the creation of the world?

A

God created the Earth and heavens in 6 days and rested on the 7th
Evangelical Christians believe every word of the Bible is true and accurate, they disagree with the idea of the Big Bang theory
Young Earth Creationists believe that the Earth was created by God around 10,000 years ago
Old Earth Creationists believe the Earth was created by God millions of years ago
Liberal Christians believe the Bible contains stories which contain religious wisdom

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6
Q

What do Muslims believe about the creation of the world?

A

God created the heavens and Earth in 6 periods
Humans were made of clay
Many believe aspects of evolution but not human evolution

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7
Q

What does the Qur’an say about creation?

A

'’Indeed, your Lord is God who created the heavens and Earth in 6 periods and then established Himself above the Throne’’
Dr Hasan said ‘‘The book of God and the book of Nature can be aligned’’

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8
Q

What is the Humanist perspective on creation?

A

Religious explanations are unreliable
Plenty evidence to suggest that the world formed by itself
The future of the world is in our hands
Evolution can help us understand how the world was formed

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9
Q

What did the chief executive of the BHA say about creation?

A

'’The humanist perspective places a strong emphasis on personal responsibility for our actions’’

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10
Q

What is the Design Argument?

A

The world is so beautiful it gives evidence for the existence of God
The complexity of nature could not have come about itself
There must be a divine mind behind creation
William Paley –> clock analogy

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11
Q

What is the illusion of design argument?

A

Richard Dawkins argues that the theory of evolution is the best explanation as to how life came about
Argues that evolution needs no help from God

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12
Q

What did Richard Darwin say about creation?

A

'’The illusion of design in the living world is explained with far greater economy… by Darwinian natural selection’’

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13
Q

What is stewardship?

A

Caring for the planet and managing its resources

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14
Q

What are the Christian attitudes to stewardship?

A

God gave humans the roles of stewards
Humans were created with a special status above the rest of nature
Evangelical Christians literally think humans were made to ‘rule over’ nature
Liberals say humans should look after the Earth and not exploit it
‘Green Christians’ are environmental activists who promote awareness at church

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15
Q

What does the Bible say about stewardship?

A

'’You have made [humans] a little lower than angels… You made them ruler over the works of your hands’’

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16
Q

What are the Muslim attitudes towards stewardship?

A

We are God’s khalifas who are appointed to care for the world
Not allowed to waste or spoil for future generations
The continuation of the planet is relied on by the balance of the universe being maintained
We should live sustainable lifestyles

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17
Q

What does the Qur’an say about stewardship?

A

'’The Earth is green and beautiful. God has appointed you his stewards over it’’

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18
Q

What is the Humanist attitude towards stewardship?

A

Agrees with stewardship
We have a responsibility to work for a more sustainable world
Not because God placed us here but because it makes sense

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19
Q

What is the sanctity of life?

A

The belief that all life is precious or sacred

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20
Q

What is the Christian attitude towards the sanctity of life?

A

Life is created by God, protected by God and valued by God
God created each individual
God created mankind in his own image
All Christians believe that life is sacred as a gift from God
Only God can take life away
Quakers oppose the death penalty and war
Only God chooses when life begins
Catholics disagree with artificial methods of contraception and IVF

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21
Q

What does the Bible say about the sanctity of life?

A

'’Don’t you know that God’s spirit dwells in your midst?’’

22
Q

What are Muslim attitudes on the sanctity of life?

A

All life is created by Allah and only He can take it away
God has a plan for each life
No one has the right to take their own or anyone else’s life
Killing one soul is like killing all of humanity

23
Q

What does the Qur’an say about the sanctity of life?

A

'’Whoever kills a soul… it is as if he had slain mankind entirely’’

24
Q

What are some humanist attitudes towards the sanctity of life?

A

See value in human life but do not believe that the value of life comes from God
We only have this life then we die so it is important because it is our only life
The purpose of life is make ourselves and others happy
Life is not sacred but it is worthy of the highest respect

25
What is the quality of life
The extent of which life is meaningful and pleasurable
26
How do we measure the quality of life?
``` Material living conditions Health Leisure and social interactions Economic factors Levels of pain The extent of disability The ability to feed oneself ```
27
What are the Christian attitudes to abortion?
Catholics believe that abortions are forbidden in all circumstances Life begins at conception Abortion is murder The Church of England believes all life is precious at it's made by God Abortion is not allowed for social reasons Abortion is permitted if the mother's life is in danger Abortion is permitted if the woman has been raped
28
What does the Bible say about abortion?
''You shall not kill the embryo by abortion and shall not cause the newborn to perish''
29
What are the Muslim attitudes towards abortion?
God creates life and only he can take it away Abortion is forbidden for economic reasons Abortion is acceptable if the mother's life is in danger or child is likely to be seriously deformed or diseased The mother's rights outweigh the child's until 120 days after conception
30
What does the Qur'an say about abortion?
''Do not kill your children out of poverty, We will provide for you and them''
31
What is are Humanist attitudes towards abortion?
Most humanists take a liberal pro-choice stance Quality of life outweighs the preservation of life Abortion is morally acceptable It is a personal choice
32
What is euthanasia?
The act of killing someone out of mercy if they are suffering
33
What is euthanasia?
The act of killing someone out of mercy if they are suffering
34
What are Christian attitudes towards euthanasia?
All life is sacred and taking it away it wrong Those who assist are involved in murder Life is a gift from God and so precious Suffering has a purpose and should be endured Hospices offer alternative care and support Liberal Christians believe that it is acceptable to turn off life-support if the person is brain dead
35
What are Muslim attitudes towards euthanasia?
Only God gives and takes life No need for euthanasia No matter what state the body is in, the soul is perfect Some believe life support can be switched off as life has already ended
36
What are Humanist attitudes towards euthanasia?
Being able to die with dignity is a human right Humanists do not believe that life should be prolonged in the face of pointless suffering Gave support in attempting to legalise assisted dying
37
What is the soul?
The non-physical, spiritual aspect of a being which connects someone to God
38
What is Dualism?
The belief that we are made of two different parts, the spiritual and physical body
39
What is materialism?
The belief that we are made of only the physical body
40
What are Christian attitudes towards death and the afterlife?
The soul is a part of our being The soul gives us our sense of 'aliveness' We use our soul to connect to God Some Christians believe that the soul will continue to live on after death Other Christians believe the soul and body cannot be separated
41
What are Muslim attitudes towards death and the afterlife?
The soul is an invisible part of an individual which is 'pure at birth' The soul makes us a real person Ensoulment happens in the womb after 120 days after conception
42
What does the Qur'an say about ensoulment?
''Every new-born child is born in a state of 'fitrah' (purity)''
43
What are Christian attitudes towards judgement, heaven and hell?
Believe in resurrection and the eternal life Death is not the end Our lives on Earth are a test On Judgement Day, God will decide who will be rewarded and punished Some believe the immortal soul will be united with God Others argue that after death, we will be resurrected like Jesus Some believe heaven as a symbolic place, others believe it to be physical
44
What does The Bible say about the spiritual body?
''If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body''
45
What are Muslim attitudes towards judgement, heaven and hell?
Our Earthly life is just a preparation for our eternal life At the end of the world there will be a Day of Judgement Only God knows when this is Azrail (angel of death) takes the soul of the dying They are kept in a state of Barzakh (waiting) until Israfil blows his trumpet to announce the Day of Judgement People will stand before God to be judged
46
What does the Qur'an say about life and death
''Every soul shall taste death'' | ''And everything they did is in written records''
47
What are Humanist attitudes towards judgement, heaven and hell?
We only live once There is no soul, no judge, no paradise, no hell We should make the most of our lives and lead them morally because it shows compassion for others There are no supernatural or spiritual aspects to life
48
What are Christian funeral rites and their meaning?
When someone close to death has prayers said for them by a priest The person has a chance to ask for forgiveness This is a Catholic practice Funerals held in church Some believe only the soul goes to heaven so it is acceptable to cremate the body
49
What does the Bible say about resurrection?
''I am the resurrection and the life'' (Jesus)
50
What are Muslim funeral rites and their meaning?
Muslims repeat the final words of the prophet 'God help me through the hardship and agony of death' Muslims respond with 'To God we belong and to God we return' Emphasises how we return to God Funeral takes place within 24 hours Body wrapped in white, symbolises equality Do not believe in cremation
51
What does the Qur'an say about resurrection?
''From the Earth We created you...We shall bring you forth once more''
52
What are Humanist funerals like?
``` Music Non-religious reflection on their life and death Readings of poetry A eulogy Lighting candles to show respect ```

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