Philosophy & Gov.

Question 0

Enlightenment

Answer 0

Movement stressing the importance of reason &the critical reappraisal of existing ideas & social institutions.

Question 1

Philosophy

Answer 1

The study of general & fundamental problems

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

Ideas: all humans were born naturally selfish & wicked
•no gov.=no order
•people must hand their rights to gov. in return for law & order
Theory: Social Comtract

Question 3

Jean Jacque Rausseau

Answer 3

Theory: Social Contract
•advocated individual liberty
•the only good gov. was the one formed freely by the people & guided by the will of society

Question 4

Charles Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 4

•advocated constitutionalism, abolishment, and preservation of civil liberties
•power should be clearly defined, balanced, & separated
“Government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of each other”

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

Ideas:
•”natural rights theory”- all people are born free & equal w/ the rights of life, liberty, & property
•purpose of gov. is to protect natural rights. if they fail to do so, citizens have the right to overthrow gov.