Philosophy Final Flashcards
Dualism
The view that there are 2 kinds of substance, matter and mind/souls.
Materialist
One thing exists; everything consist of energy or matter.
Monism
The view that there is only one kind of substance 1) physicalism - view that only physical things exist 2) idealism - minds and souls are only things that exist.
Epistemology
Theory of knowledge
Rationalism
The view that not all knowledge is based on the senses , based on reason
Empiricism
Opposite of rationalism, the view that knowledge is based in the senses.
Skepticism
Doubting
Solipsism
The view that ones own self is the only thing that truly exists.
Ontology
Theory of what really exists
Utilitarianism
Whatever brings the most happiness to most people is the right thing to do.it is a variety of consequentialism. Dedicated to teaching others in the act of being humanitarian and granting happiness to others.
Consequentialism
Morality is based on consequences. If you want happiness you will try to use a means which will get you top satisfaction.
Non-consequentialism
Does not base right or wrong on consequences of actions.
Absolutism
Cannot ever kill noncombatants away from usual war battles and cannot perform inhumane acts.
Inductive reasoning
The inductive hypothesis/argument is not sound, but the conclusion is valid.
Ex. All men are bald
Harold is bald
Harold is a man
Deductive reasoning
deductive has sound hypothesis and argument and facts are true
Ex. All men are mortal, Harold is a man, therefore Harold is mortal
