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Philosophy Exam FUCK YOU COPPA > Philosophy Exam > Flashcards

Philosophy Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Philosophy?

A

Philosophy is the study of knowledge, reality, and existence

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2
Q

Philosophy

A

Philosophy literally means “love of wisdom”

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3
Q

What are the main branches of philosophy?

A

The main branches of philosophy are epistemology (study of knowledge and truth), metaphysics (reality and being), logic (argumentation and reason), ethics, aesthetics, and social/political philosophy (state and government)

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4
Q

Thales of Miletus

A

Known as the first philosopher, through his observations, Thales determined that the universal/underlying substance of all things was water. Water existed in three forms, solid, liquid, and vapour and all living things relied on water. While his observations were later proven false, Thales was still the first to attempt to explain natural phenomena through reason rather than superstition and myth.

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5
Q

Laozi (Lao Tzu)

A

Laozi was a mystic who wrote Classic of the Way of Power which was the first expression of the philosophy of Taoism.

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6
Q

Chuang Tzu’s The Butterfly

A
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7
Q

Confucius

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8
Q

Buddhism

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9
Q

Socrates

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10
Q

Ancient Indian philosophers and Hinduism

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11
Q

Plato

A

Plato was the student of Socrates

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12
Q

The Socratic Method

A

This was the method Socrates used to get people to think in ancient Greece. He would start by asking a question that seems innocent and straightforward, then the person would give a simple/common sense definition to which Socrates would offer a counter example that does not fit the definition given. This illustrates that the definition given is incomplete, biased, or uniformed. The process would continue until a suitable definition is constructed or until both parties agree that the topic is more complex than originally thought.

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13
Q

Allegory of the Cave

A

Imagine people are chained in a cave and can only see the shadows of things their whole lives.

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14
Q

The Tripartite Theory of the Soul

A
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15
Q

Aristotle

A

Aristotle was the student of Plato

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16
Q

Middle Ages and Christian Theology

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17
Q

Rene Descartes

A
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18
Q

John Locke

A
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19
Q

David Hume

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20
Q

Karl Marx

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21
Q

Charles Darwin

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22
Q

Sigmund Freud

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23
Q

Nietzshe

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24
Q

Existentialism

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25
Q

Sophie’s World

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26
Q

Informal Logic

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27
Q

What is Logic

A
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28
Q

Laws of reasoning

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29
Q

Principal of sufficient reason

A
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30
Q

Ockham’s razor

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31
Q

What is metaphysics?

A
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32
Q

Plato’s theory and form of change

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33
Q

What is reality?

A
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34
Q

Change and Oneness

A
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35
Q

Cartesian Skepticism

36
Q

Appearance vs. Reality

37
Q

What is a person?

38
Q

Akan philosophy

39
Q

Are you a body with a mind or a mind with a body?

40
Q

Pascal’s wager

41
Q

Free Will

42
Q

Absurdism

43
Q

Nihilism

44
Q

Emily Esfahani Smith TED Talk

45
Q

Theism

46
Q

Deism

47
Q

Monotheism

48
Q

Polytheism

49
Q

Pantheism

50
Q

Spinoza

51
Q

Divine Command Theory

52
Q

Euthyphro’s Dilemma

53
Q

What is ethics?

54
Q

What is morality?

55
Q

The nature and aim of ethics

56
Q

Universal ethical systems

57
Q

Hellenistic ethical philosophies

58
Q

Plato and Aristotle

59
Q

Stoics

A

Believed that the practice of virtue is enough to reach eudemonia

60
Q

Cynics

A

Cynics/cynicism emerged as a rejection of the values (especially materialistic) of the ancient times.

61
Q

Epicureans

A

Believed that pleasure is the highest good

62
Q

Hypothetical Imperatives

63
Q

Categorical Imperatives

64
Q

Bentham & Mill: Results-Oriented Ethics

65
Q

Deontological ethics

66
Q

Act utilitarianism

67
Q

Rule utilitarianism

68
Q

Jeremy Bentham and his criteria

69
Q

John Stuart Mill

70
Q

Nietzsche’s philosophy

71
Q

Ethical relativism

72
Q

Singer’s philosophy

73
Q

Informal Logic

A

Involves two steps: 1. Identifying the premises and conclusions in the reconstruction of arguments - 2. using a fallacy tool kit to examine and check the arguments cogency

74
Q

Ad Hominem

A

(Attack of the person)

75
Q

Attack on Motive

A

Attacking the credibility of a person on the grounds that they have a bias/motive influencing their view

76
Q

Bandwagon

A

Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation, majority of people believe an argument so it must be true

77
Q

Straw Man

A

Misinterpreting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack. Ignores real argument and creates pretend, defeats pretend, claim victory, done.

78
Q

Informal Logic Fallacies A

A

Ad Hominem, Attack of Motive, Attack of Person, Bandwagon, Straw Man

79
Q

Informal Logic Fallacies B

A

Appeal to Ignorance, Begging the Question, Equivocation, Loaded Term, Slippery Slope

80
Q

Appeal to Ignorance

A

Lack of evidence, there is no evidence so it can’t be true, there is no evidence for it being false so it must be true

81
Q

Begging the Question

A

a circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise

81
Q

Equivocation

A

An argument that uses one word to mean two different things

82
Q

Loaded Term

A

Using words/terms with strongly positive or negative connections. Ex. fast food = killing your kids

83
Q

Slippery Slope

A

Asserting that id we allow A to happen, 2 will happen, therefore A shouldn’t happen

84
Q

Informal Logic Fallacies C

Philosophy Exam FUCK YOU COPPA (1 decks)

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