Philosophy Chapter 2 (Lesson 3 and 4)

Question 1

is “the government of the people, by the people, and for the people”

Answer 1

Democracy

Question 2

said that humans are equal by nature, in both physical and mental powers

Answer 2

Thomas Hobbes

Question 3

masters; had lesser power than masters

Answer 3

Lords

Question 4

is slavery to the government

Answer 4

Political freedom

Question 5

viewed that all societies underwent 4 evolutions

Answer 5

Karl Marx

Question 6

a political theory that advocated the abolition of private property because it is the root cause of all evils in society (Marx)

Answer 6

Communism

Question 7

believes that a democratic society is a society of free people

Answer 7

Liberty

Question 8

chiefs, warriors, politicians

Answer 8

Masters

Question 9

as the mode of production (industrialization) required it, they became economically and politically powerful

Answer 9

Middle Class

Question 10

literally a sea monster but metaphorically the state with absolute power

Answer 10

Leviathan

Question 11

said that “Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”

Answer 11

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 12

Once the capitalist society is overthrown through ________, a communist society will be established

Answer 12

Revolution

Question 13

comprises of people’s wills reduced into only one will; the will of the collective body of people, the will of the people as an association, the will of the state

Answer 13

General will

Question 14

slavery to one’s passions and appetite

Answer 14

Natural freedom

Question 15

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state”

Answer 15

Capitalism

Question 16

This period was paradise-like; people lived in peace and contentment; no division of labor, no social classes, no war

Answer 16

Prehistory

Question 17

viewed humans as noble ape-like savages

Answer 17

Rousseau

Question 18

slaves; enjoyed more freedom than slaves

Answer 18

Serfs

Question 19

is Real Freedom; not a slave to one’s passions and obeys only herself, always in accordance to the general will

Answer 19

Moral freedom

Question 20

views that the people’s ways of life (think, read, watch, do, career, etc.) are controlled by the government

Answer 20

Totalitarianism

Question 21

those who didn’t have land

Answer 21

Slaves

Question 22

______(Who)State of Nature states that there is a natural law that governs the actions of the people who are themselves rational, free, and equal with one another

Answer 22

John Locke’s