Philosophy and Logic Flashcards
Why study philosophy? (5)
We ask questions, provide answers, we want explanations, and comes for food for thought; we want the truth
Origins in curiosity, the sense of wonders in the world
“Water is the ultimate material of the universe”
Thales of Miletus
Father of Philosophy
Thales of Miletus
“Earth is a boundless realm. It is infinite.”
Anaximander
“Air is the main composition of earth. Therefore, it is considered be the primordial element.”
Anaximenes
“Fire is the primordial element”
Heraclitus
“Earth, water, air, and fire mingle together to form.”
Empedocles
“the structure of the world must be understood through numbers.”
Pythagoras
Philosophy comes from the word…?
Philein (Love) and Sophia (Wisdom)
Love of Wisdom
seeking the truth; persistent search
Wisdom
having information; facts and studies from research and experience
Knowledge
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Being and knowing
Metaphysics
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Morality of human
Ethics
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
correct reasoning
Logic
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Beauty and harmony
Aesthetics
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Validity of human knowledge
Epistemology
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Study of the society
Social Philosophy
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
State and political institution
Political Philosophy
Origin
Greek word logos and logike, introduced by Zono
Logic
The science of correct reasoning
Logic
symbolic representations of logical concepts, abstract relationships between concepts
Symbolic Logic
application of logical concepts to the analysis of everyday reasoning
Informal logic
There is a need for the human person toobtain knowledge
Said to have been authored by Siddharta Gautama
Nyaya Philosophy
Eleatics, Sophists, and Megarics
Pre-Aristotelian
Founder of Logic
Aristotelian/Aristotle
Explanation and defense of Aristotle’sworks on logic
Post-Aristotelian
devised mnemonic names for the validmoods canvassed in the Prior Analytics
Scholastics and Crusaders
Mathematics (algebraic School, Logicist school, mathematical school)
Modern Logic
The act by which the intellect grasps the essenceof something
Simple Apprehension
A mental operation that pronounces the identityor non-identity between two ideas
Judgment
A mental act that proceeds from the previously known truth to a new truth
Reasoning
