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Understanding the Self > Philosophy > Flashcards

Philosophy Flashcards

Chapter 1- Lesson1

1
Q

From who’s view is Cogito Ergo Sum

A

Rene Descartes

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2
Q

“I think, therefore, I am”

A

Cogito Ergo Sum

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3
Q

soul/mind (also the self) is a substance separate from the body

A

The Mind-Body Problem

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4
Q

knowledge results from ideas produced a prosteriori or by objects that were experience : who?

A

John Locke

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5
Q

Three (3) Kinds of Moral Good

A

1.Law of Opinion
2.Civil Law
3.Divine Law

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6
Q

Three (3) types of Principles of Association:

A

1.Principle of Resemblance (i.e couple)
2.Principle of Contiguity (i.e spoon and fork)
3.Principle of Cause-and-Effect

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7
Q

-Austrian Neurologists
-founder of psychoanalysis
-the unconscious mind
-hysteria

A

Sigmund Freud

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8
Q

never entertained any belief in religion
(because of John Locke)

A

David Hume

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9
Q

Three (3) Levels of Mental Life

A

1.Unconscious – beyond our awareness
2.Preconscious – contains all the elements that are not conscious but can become conscious
3.Conscious – mental elements in awareness at any given point in time

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10
Q

other Philosopher called human nature the “soul” but he termed it “the self”

A

David Hume

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11
Q

Provinces of Mind

A

1.Id
2. Ego
3. Superego

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12
Q

(Blank Slate)

A

Tabula Rasa

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13
Q

morals, religious and political values must come from sense experiences : who?

A

John Locke’s View

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14
Q

its function is to seek pleasure (pleasure principle)

A

Id

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15
Q

Perception- Two (2) Types:

A

1.Impression
2.Ideas

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16
Q

the only region of the mind in contact with reality (reality principle)

A

Ego

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17
Q

represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality (moralistic/idealistic principle)

A

Superego

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18
Q

-past lodges within his subconscious
-balancing the forces of life and death. Who?

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety

A

Defense Mechanism

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20
Q

he contradicted Cartesian Dualism

A

Gilbert Ryle

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21
Q

human consciousness and mind are very dependent on the human brain

A

Ghost in the Machine

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22
Q

Churchland’s View of Human Nature

A

1.Normal Brain – facilitates socially accepted behavior
2.Compromised Brain – gives rise to aberrant behaviors

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23
Q

Two (2) types of Knowledge

A

1.Knowing-that
2.Knowing-how

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24
Q

combined Neurology and Philosophy

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

25
Q

Brain = Self : who?

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

26
Q

“philos” is? sophia is?

A

Love, Wisdom

27
Q

man is endowed with freewill

A

Ryle’s View of Human Nature

28
Q

Ancient Greek Philosopher, Scholar, Teacher. Mentor of Plato.

A

Socrates

29
Q

to bring the person closer to the final
Understanding

A

Socratic Method

30
Q

Socrates is considered to be the main source of

A

Western Thought

31
Q

“Socrates is the wisest of all man”

A

Delphi Oracle

32
Q

addressing the age-old problem (mind-body)

A

(Neurophilosophy)

33
Q

also called dialectic method

A

Socratic Method

34
Q

(thinking, seeking, and asking repeatedly)

A

Socrates’ View of Human Nature

35
Q

Started in Athens of Ancient Greece at around 600 BCE. Understanding elements, mathematics, heavenly bodies, atoms, and man.

A

Phiosophy

36
Q

Define Sophises

A

the first teacher in the west
-fond debates

37
Q

Sophises’ petition

A

petition to kill Socrates

38
Q

wrote more than 20 Dialogues with Socrates as protagonist in most of them

A

Plato

39
Q

Why did Plato left Athens?

A

(left Athens after Socrates died but came back after 12 years to start academy)

40
Q

Socrates’ View of Human Nature

A

“the unexamined life is not worth living”

41
Q

Plato’s writing was called?

A

The Dialogues

42
Q

(similar to the idea of Heaven)
- physical world is not the real world; ultimate
reality exists beyond our physical world

A

Theory of forms

43
Q

abstract, perfect, unchanging concepts or ideals

A

Forms

44
Q

3 Characteristics of Forms

A

1.ageless and therefore are eternal 2.unchanging and therefore permanent
3.unmoving and indivisible

45
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

46
Q

Christian Philosopher
he initially rejected Christianity
questions sufferings in the world

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

47
Q

ability to apprehend directions of certain truths

A

Intuition

48
Q

Plato’s Theory of Love and Becoming

A

The Allegory of Cave

49
Q

Cartesian Method and Analytic Geometry

A

Rene Descartes

50
Q

According to who: humans have the mortal and rational.
intrinsically good and ignorance
equates with evil

A

Plato (view of human nature)

51
Q

Plato’s Dualism

A

1.Realm of Shadows
2.Realm of Forms

52
Q

composed of changing, ‘sensible’ things which are lesser entities and therefore imperfect and flawed

A

Realm of Shadows

53
Q

composed of eternal things which are permanent and perfect. It is the source of all reality and true knowledge

A

Realm of Forms

54
Q

Three (3) Components of the Soul (Tripartite Soul)

A

1.The Reason
2. The Spirited
3. The Appetites

55
Q

Two (2) Realms in Understanding Human Nature

A

1.God as the source of all reality and truth
2.The sinfulness of man

56
Q

The Role of Love

A

Physical objects = sin of greed
Not lasting and excessive love for people = sin of jealousy
Self = sin of pride
God = supreme virtue and real happiness

57
Q

Two (2) Powers of Human Mind

A

1.Intuition
2. Deduction

58
Q

power to discover on what is not known by processing an orderly way

A

Deduction

Understanding the Self (2 decks)

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