Philosophy Flashcards
What is the difference between reference and meaning?
Reference is what it picks out and is true of, meaning is what makes expressions about things.
What does it mean to give necessary and sufficient conditions
what is required and adequate for being something
Analytical Definition
analyze as known necessary and sufficient conditions
Stipulative Definition
Specify new neccesary and sufficient conditions
Theoretical Defenition
Find the essence or best deffenition
Ostensive definition
point out referent not meaning
What are Two Claims of The O Theory
Knowing the meaning of a term is knowing its definition, and The Referent is whatever fits that definition
What are the argument moves of the O Theory
Define your Terms Move, Its Just Semantics.
Explain the define your terms move
Knowing the meaning is Knowing the definition
Explain Its just semantics
Assumption of something being false is just a function of the necessary and sufficient conditions you associate with it.
What is the problem of meaning fixes reference.
The problem is whats grasped or known or intended doesn’t fully determine reference.
Does the new theory put a priority of reference over meaning
Yes
Should you use the define your terms move-in an argument
No, don’t assume analytical definitions
Explain Radical or Cartesian Skepticism
You don’t know that there is an external world
What do Cartesian & positivistic have in common
They have different strategies but same base
What is Descartes Problem
God is more assured than objects
Positivists problem
no definitions in terms of sense data
Is truth and belief necessary for knowing P
yes
Truth and belief isn’t sufficient for knowing P
True
Explain Reliabiliism
Knowledge is true belief, believed because its true, It allows knowledge to be uncertain/fallible
does possibility not rule out knowledge?
No, but being wrong rules out knowledge
Explain a transcendental argument
it tries to show the presuppositions of a question force one answer
Explain what a thin illusion is
an imperfect illusion
Thick illusion
a perfect illusion
does a thick illusion count as an illusion or is it just making reality
its just making reality
What are two problems with Bouwsma’s Theory of meaning
Wrong account of meaning, and the “extra sense” of being deceived.
Explain Wrong account of meaning
fitting your concept isn’t good enough to be the reference
What is intentionality
What makes one thing refer to another
what is “minimal” anti skepticism
The (pure) BIV isn’t wrong
Explain why BIV isn’t wrong
Its thoughts refer to the VR things in its world
What was one of Putnams observation
Don’t assume the BIV is referring to the real world just because their thoughts. resemble to our real. world thoughts
Does the new theory use ostensive or analytical definitions
Ostensive.
Explain whats wrong with O theory thesis 1 and 2
We know few analytical definitions, and what’s known doesn’t fully determine reference.
Explain Linguistic division of labor
Analytical definitions require expert use
What are the two kinds of error
Believing falsehoods and missing truths
Should you usr its just semantics move in an argument
No, Reference is social what words are about isn’t just a function of concept
What is solipsism
There is no world, just me and my thoughts
What was Descartes strategy
secure self “Seemings”, Argue for non deceiving God: infer the world as seen
What was the Logical positivists strategy
Secure “sense data”, Build the world by logical construction.
Casual link
A thought resembling thoughts that refer to something isn’t good enough to refer to that something, it needs a casual link back to that something.
What did Putnam say about the BIV
The BIV is always wrong when it says “Im a BIV”
Can the BIV say “Im a BIV”
Yes the kidnapping case shows this The brains past links allow reference to the real world so it can truthfully think “Im a BIV”
