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G12 1st Sem > PHILOSOPHY > Flashcards

PHILOSOPHY Flashcards

1-6

1
Q

Philia

A

love

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2
Q

Sophia

A

wisdom

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3
Q

Philosophy comes from the word

A

philia; sophia

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4
Q

love of wisdom

A

philosophy

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5
Q

strong desire for a particular object.

A

love

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6
Q

correct application of knowledge.

A

wisdom

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7
Q

science that studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons and principles through the aid of the human reason alone.

A

philosophy

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8
Q

all things that exist: MATERIAL or IMMATERIAL

A

being/beings

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9
Q

Trees, cars, persons, stones

A

material

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10
Q

God, soul, spirit

A

immaterial

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11
Q

QUESTIONS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN ANSWERS BECAUSE ANSWERS THEMSELVES WILL IN TURN BECOME QUESTIONS

A

Karl Jaspers

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12
Q

Basic question in Philosophy

A

what is the origin of the world of every thing that exists?

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13
Q

Major branches of Philosophy

A

Methaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics

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14
Q

Physical/nature

A

Physika

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15
Q

Methaphysics comes from the word

A

meta; physika

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16
Q

Methaphysics

A

foundation of philosophy

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17
Q

Study of things beyond the physical

A

general methaphysics

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18
Q

Study of things beyond the physical; concepts or things that cannot be experienced

A

special methaphysics

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19
Q

“METHAPHYSICS is the First Philosophy”

A

Aristotle

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20
Q

Mind and Matter

A

metaphysics

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21
Q

Being or that which is

A

onto

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22
Q

Knowlege or study

A

logos

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23
Q

Ontology comes from the word

A

onto; logos

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24
Q

Studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons & principles through the aid of reason alone

A

ontology

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25
Q

“LOGOS IS REASON OR THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE OF ALL THAT IS”

A

Heraclitus

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26
Q

Basic question in ontology?

A

what is being?

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27
Q

World

A

kosmos

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28
Q

Cosmology comes from the word

A

kosmos; logos

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29
Q

Studies the world ( or universe)

A

cosmology

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30
Q

Basic question in cosmology

A

what is the origin of the world?

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31
Q

Soul/mind

A

psyche

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32
Q

Psychology comes from the word

A

psyche; logos

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33
Q

Study of the nature & dynamics of the human person

A

Psychology

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34
Q

Basic question in psychology

A

what is the nature of the human person?

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35
Q

God

A

theos

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36
Q

Theodicy comes from the word

A

theos

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37
Q

Study of God

A

theodicy/natural theology

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38
Q

GOTT F RIED WILHELM m LEIBNIZ

A

1710 work: T heod icee

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39
Q

Knowledge

A

episteme

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40
Q

Observations- Analysis- Theory

A

inductive reasoning

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40
Q

Basic question in theodicy

A

Is there God?

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40
Q

Epistemology comes from the word

A

episteme; logos

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41
Q

Study of the nature & scope of knowledge and justified belief

A

epistemology

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42
Q

Evidence- Prior knowledge - Explanation

A

abductive reasoning

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42
Q

The view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience. They use Inductive reasoning in their arguments.

A

empiricism

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43
Q

Idea- Observation- Conclusion

A

deductive reasoning

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44
Q

The view that real knowledge is based on logic, laws, and methods that reason develops. They use Deductive Reasoning in their arguments.

A

rationalism

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45
Q

The view that the meaning and truth of an idea is tested by its practical consequences. They use Abductive Reasoning in their arguments.

A

pragmatism

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46
Q

Science of correct thinking

A

Logos

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47
Q

distinguish sound or good reasoning from unsound or bad reasoning

A

logic

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47
Q

Study of the principles & criteria of a valid argument

A

logic

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48
Q

Created the logical method by combining the teachings of Socrates (?), Plato (???), and Zeno of Elea (?).

A

negation

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49
Q

Created the logical method by combining the teachings of Socrates (???), Plato (?), and Zeno of Elea (?).

A

universal reasoning

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50
Q

Created the logical method by combining the teachings of Socrates (?), Plato (?), and Zeno of Elea (???).

A

reduction

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51
Q

Created the logical method by combining the teachings of Socrates (?), Plato (?), and Zeno of Elea (?).

A

Aristotle

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52
Q

Basic question in logic?

A

what is correct reasoning?

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53
Q

Science of beauty and its various manifestations.

A

aesthetics

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54
Q

USES OF AESTHETICS

A

-It validates our knowledge (We find use in what we know)
-It helps us live more richly and deeply (We nourish our soul)
-It brings us in touch with our culture (Our definition of beauty is largely defined by our culture)

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55
Q

custom or habit

A

ethos

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56
Q

morality of human actions

A

ethics

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57
Q

how human persons ought to act, and the search for a definition of a right conduct, and good life.

A

ethics

58
Q

Ethics is not equal to Morality because Ethics is to

A

Theory

59
Q

Ethics is not equal to Morality because Morality is to

A

practice

60
Q

Basic question in ethics

A

what is right conduct as that which causes the realization of the greatest good?

61
Q

In attaining wisdom, there is a need for “???”

A

emptying

62
Q

THE ONLY BEGINNING OF PHILOSOPHY

A

Plato

63
Q

IT IS OWING TO THEIR WONDER THAT MEN BOTH NOW BEGIN AND AT FIRST BEGAN TO PHILOSOPHIZE

A

Aristotle

64
Q

For men were first led to study philosophy, as indeed they are today, by wonder. Now, he who is perplexed and wonders believes himself to be ignorant…they took to philosophy to escape ??? …

A

ignorance

65
Q

For men were first led to study philosophy, as indeed they are today, by wonder. Now, he who is perplexed and wonders believes himself to be ignorant…they took to philosophy to escape ? …

A

aristotle writes

66
Q

From Miletus of Ionia (Turkey) to

A

croton

67
Q

First to put his philosophy into writing

A

Thales

68
Q

Explanation of the nature of the world

A

cosmology

69
Q

All is WATER

A

Thales

70
Q

APEIRON “unbounded”

A

Anaximander

71
Q

All is AIR

A

Anaximenes

72
Q

All is NUMBER

A

pythagoras

73
Q

Conceived numbers as the underlying principle of all things

A

ancient egyptians

74
Q

How do things arise?

A

world-process

75
Q

Reality is ONE

A

PARMENIDES of Elea

76
Q

What IS, IS, and it is impossible for it not to be

A

PARMENIDES of Elea

77
Q

We cannot step twice in the same river

A

HERACLITUS of Ephesus

78
Q

Everything is CHANGE

A

HERACLITUS of Ephesus

79
Q

Logos — Fire

A

universal principle

80
Q

Something that lies at the foundation of world-process.

A

empedocles; the atomist; anaxagoras

81
Q

Original and unchangeable

A

empedocles; the atomist; anaxagoras

82
Q

Fundamental materials of the world are
FIRE, WATER, EARTH & AIR

A

empedocles

83
Q

Atoms: numberless, primary beings, and foundation of the world-process

A

atomists: Democritus and Leucippus

84
Q

Primordial being: NOUS or Mind

A

anaxagoras

85
Q

According to Anaxagoras this is used to reason in explaining reality

A

mind

86
Q

At what period does anaxagoras belong

A

natural philosophy

87
Q

NO world-process and NO mental process

A

parmenides

88
Q

The problem of epistemology

A

Knowledge is impossible to attain

89
Q

World-process and NO knowing subject
Nothing known

A

heraclitus

90
Q

Mechanical process and No mental process

A

empedocles

91
Q

NOUS or MIND and NO natural process of knowledge

A

anaxagoras

91
Q

Knowledge is impossible to attain

A

sophists

92
Q

NO knowledge

A

no truth

93
Q

Sophists “wise man”

A

gorgias and protagoras

94
Q

Man is the measure of all things, of the reality of those which are, and the unreality of those which are not.

A

protagoras

95
Q

“harmony or agreement” is inherent in disagreement

A

SOCRATES

96
Q

With dialogue, universal concepts-those in which all men agree – are not made possible

A

SOCRATES

97
Q

Dualism of matter & form

A

PLATO

98
Q

Everything that exists is just a copy of the real; The world of ideas is the only real world the only real knowledge.

A

PLATO

99
Q

How does matter acquire form?

A

ARISTOTLE

100
Q

at what period does aristotle

A

end of the Classic period of Greek Philosophy

100
Q

Something cannot exist if it does not have both matter & form, if it not complete.

A

ARISTOTLE

101
Q

SOURCE OF EVERTHING; HAS POSSIBILITY OF BELONGING SOMETHING

A

aristotle

102
Q

End of the classic period of ancient greek philosophy

A

person’s freedom from the world

103
Q

The problem of freedom

A

stoicism; epicureanism; skepticism

103
Q

development of self-control and fortitude as mean of overcoming destructive emotions

A

Zeno of citum (stoicism)

104
Q

refine of cynicism

A

stoicism

105
Q

a voluntary abstinence from worldly pleasures

A

asceticism

106
Q

seeks to transform emotions by a resolute asceticism

A

stoicism [zeno of citium]

107
Q

clear judgment, inner calm, and freedom from suffering

A

asceticism

108
Q

clear judgment, inner calm, and freedom from suffering which means

A

goal

109
Q

modest pleasure

A

epicureanism

110
Q

sensual pleasure

A

hedonism

110
Q

tranquility and freedom from fear

A

ataraxia

110
Q

absence of bodily pain

A

aponia

110
Q

Skepticism

A

member of plato’s academy

follower of pyrrho

111
Q

member of plato’s academy

A

academic

112
Q

follower of pyrrho

A

pyrrhonian

113
Q

doubt is the key to attaining peace of mind (ataraxia)

A

pyrrho

114
Q

freedom from the world

A

stoics; epicureans; skeptics

114
Q

virtue

A

stoics

115
Q

happiness

A

epicureans

116
Q

doubt

A

skeptics

116
Q

freedom from the world

A

religion

117
Q

monks

A

ascetics

118
Q

spiritual and religious goals are impeded by indulgence in pleasure of the flesh

A

ascetics

119
Q

aims to achieve freedom from compulsions and temptations, bringing about peacefulness of mind and an increase in clarity and power of thought

A

ascetics

120
Q

practiced severe asceticism before his enlightenment

A

buddha

121
Q

neo-platonists

A

ammonius saccas and plotinus

122
Q

possible only if the rational soul is connected to the one (or GOD)

A

salvation

123
Q

salvation of the world

A

Jewish philosophy

124
Q
A
124
Q
A
125
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A
125
Q
A
126
Q
A
126
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A
127
Q
A
128
Q
A
128
Q
A
129
Q
A
130
Q
A
131
Q
A
132
Q
A
133
Q
A
134
Q
A

G12 1st Sem (2 decks)

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