Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

What does philosophy mean?

A

love of knowledge

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2
Q

What is philosophy?

A

the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom through rational inquiry and critical thinking

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3
Q

What are the philosophical thoughts in three views?

A

Cosmocentric, Theocentric, and Anthropocentric

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4
Q

Explain cosmocentric thought

A

relating to the universe and nature

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5
Q

Explain theocentric thought

A

the center of all reality is God

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6
Q

Explain the argument from motion

A

potential motion becomes actualized when actual motion acts on it, therefore there exist a prime mover that actualized everything

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7
Q

Explain the argument from efficient cause

A

everything has a efficient cause, nothing exists prior to itself, thus there must be an first uncaused causer

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8
Q

Explain the argument from necessity

A

everything pertains to chance and almost everything is temporal, yet time is infinite, there must be necessary being given the improbability of our existence

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9
Q

Explain the argument from gradation

A

we measure things in levels, therefore there must be a utmost highest level, the supreme good

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10
Q

Explain the argument from design

A

the whole universe is intricately designed in a specific way working towards a goal

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11
Q

Rationalism

A

some ideas are independent of experience and that some truths are known by reason alone

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12
Q

Explain anthropocentric thought

A

humans alone possess intrinsic value therefore we are superior to all beings

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13
Q

Empiricism

A

some ideas are independent of experience and that truths must be established by reference to experience alone

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14
Q

What are the branches of philosophy?

A

Aesthetics, Metaphysics, and Logic

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15
Q

Explain the branch of aesthetics

A

investigates beauty and art: every person defines beauty based on their own perspective

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16
Q

Explain the branch of metaphysics

A

concerned with the nature of existence and the universe

17
Q

Cosmology

A

focused on understanding the origin, evolution, fate, and laws of the universe

18
Q

Ontology

A

investigates existence and their relationship with one another

19
Q

Explain the branch of logic

A

the science of the correct processes of reasoning

20
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

making generalized conclusions based on specific scenarios

21
Q

Deductive Reasing

A

use of facts, definitions, accepted properties

22
Q

What are logical fallacies?

A

arguments that commit leaps of logic, flawed

23
Q

Ad Hominem

A

argument that attacks the opponent

24
Q

Red Herring

A

argument that attempts to shift the debate’s focus by introducing irrelevant information

25
Equivocation
a vague statement crafted to mislead or confuse by the using ambigous words and phrasing
26
Slippery Slope
argument claims that a event or series of event will follow one starting point based on invalid supporting evidence
27
Argumentum Ad Miserecordium
argument that attempts to win you over by elliciting empathy
28
Bandwagon
claiming a statement is true because the majority believes in it
29
Straw Man
distortion of someone's argument by taking it out of context, focusing on one point, or introducing a extreme version of their argument
30
Appeal to Authority
claiming a statement is true because a person of authority says so
31
Tu Quo Que
turning an allegation back on the accuser
32
Petitio Principii
when we use the our claim as a premise to the conclusion