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Part 2 > Philosophy > Flashcards

Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Knowledge comes from pure reason

A

Rationalism

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2
Q

“ratio” means?

A

reason

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3
Q

Stresses the fundamental role of experience and as a doctorine in epistemology it holds that all knowledge about the world is ultimately.

A

Empiricism

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4
Q

A french philosopher in 17th century movement

A

Rene Descartes

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5
Q

Year century that movement is source of knowledge

A

17th Century

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6
Q

I thnk, Therefore, I am

A

Cogito Ergo Sum

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7
Q

To attain certainty, he chose the way of doubt

A

Rene Descartes

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8
Q

He wrote a series of essays, the meditations, generally considered to be the foundation of modern Philosophy.

A

Rene Descartes

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9
Q

Highlights the role of a priori knowledge to arrive at substantial truths.

A

Rationalism

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10
Q

He argues that reason alone, unaided by experience can arrive at clear and distinct basic truths about the world.

A

Rene Descartes

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11
Q

This are very important in his ideas of Rationalism

A

Innate Ideas

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12
Q

A European philosopher lead to his important works in his essay concerning Human understanding, he attacked innate ideas.

A

John Locke

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13
Q

All our knowledge is founded

A

Empiricism

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14
Q

“The mind is blank tablet, thus knowledge comes from experience.”

A

John Locke

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15
Q

“Does all truth depend on our experience? The senses never give us anything but examples, they are necessary truths does not depend on examples. “

A

Rene Descartes

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16
Q

Defined as a formal expression of judgement of an individual about a particular manner.

A

Opinions

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17
Q

True because of our experience

A

Empirical Truth

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18
Q

From the Greek word “empeiria” which means _________.

A

experience

19
Q

Greek word of experience is

A

Empeiria

20
Q

Opposite of Empirical Truth

A

Necessary Truth

21
Q

We can always imagine what it would be for a empirical truth not to be true.

A

Necessary Truth

22
Q

It can be said to be true accordingly, prior to experience, or in Latin a priori.

A

Necessary Truth

23
Q

Some philosophers believe that we had innate knowledge.

A

Necessary Truth

24
Q

From the Latin word, “______” -deceive

A

Fallere

25
Q

May appear convincing and may sometimes be cloaked to be true but it examined closely, it is not.

A

Fallacies

26
Q

What are the 2 types of fallacies ?

A
  1. Verbal Fallacies
  2. Non-Verbal Fallacies
27
Q

Due to misuse of a word or phrase which hides the real intent of the argument.

A

Verbal Fallacies

28
Q

Due to psychological reasons or the arguer making an unjustified assumption.

A

Non-Verbal Fallacies

29
Q

An inference that is valid because of its dependence on an ambiguous word or phrase.

A

Equivocation

30
Q

An invalid inference from the nature of the whole to nature of the parts, or from the nature of the group to the nature of the members.

A

Division

31
Q

It happens when the syllogism makes use of sentence structures having the same or similar form, from which a conclusion is derived hastily.

A

Figure of speech

32
Q

Is the fallacy that equates or confuses substance with accident. This fallacy is committed when the general rule is used to exceptional cases to which the general should not apply.

A

Accident

33
Q

Consists in illegitimately assuming that one possible cause of phenomenon is a cause although reasons are lacking for excluding other possible causes.

A

False cause

34
Q

Many superstitious beliefs are fallacies of this type.

A

False Cause

35
Q

This fallacy does is instead of providing a rational critique of an argument, it directly attacks the person who advances the argument.

A

Argumentum ad Hominem

36
Q

The attempt to persuade a person (or group) by appealing to the desire to be accepted or valued by others.

A

Argumentum ad Populum

37
Q

The attempt to support a conclusion merely by avoking pity in one’s audience when the statements that evoke the pity are logically unrelated to the conclusion.

A

Argumentum ad Misericordiam

38
Q

The attempt to defend a conclusion by threatening the well-being of those who do not accept it.

A

Argumentum ad Baculum

39
Q

Who contributed the contribution of philosophy?

A

Thales

40
Q

What is the greatest question on the discovery of philosophy?

A

What is the ultimate stuff in the universe?

41
Q

Who told the greatest philosopher that life is suffering, has a process, and has an end?

A

Guatama Buddha

42
Q

Who is the Father of Western philosophy?

A

Thales

43
Q

Three philosophical activities on the origin of philosophy?

A
  1. Widest Generalization
  2. Fundamentals
  3. Desire to integrate things into one coherent whole
44
Q

What does Thales want to deduce multiplicity to unity?

A

Water

Part 2 (4 decks)

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