philosophy 1 quiz Flashcards
what is philosophy? why bother with it?
-said to be the love of wisdom
-the journey to wisdom: exploration, critique, discovery
-questioning everything
where did philosophy begin?
Ancient Greece
what does the word philosophy mean?
philo-love
sophy-wisdom
person who calls themselves a philosopher…
is always questioning
why/how was socrates killed?
-killed by his fellow Greeks (athenians)
-for corrupting youth, denying gods of the people
-athenians made him drink hemlock aka poison
who was socrates student?
plato
what is the apology?
giving an account or defense of yourself because you think you are right
what isn’t philosophy?
it isn’t religion, science, history. it deals with everything death, life, taxes, math, law, art
what is the cave allegory? what is its purpose? who made it?
-socrates made it
-tells us about our own ignorance
the ascent to truth
-if you were persuaded your former beliefs were wrong, you’d need to find different beliefs
-this can be disorienting, painful
-you might even hold onto the old beliefs even if they are wrong because its just what you’re used to
definition of philosophy for the course
-we will use Wilfred Sellers notion
-simplify it to radical open inquiry
-root of the problem (radical), we will not be (open) shutting down ideas opposing our own views, and examination or searching out (inquiry)
what is our beliefs like in the world?
-our beliefs in the world are like valuable possessions
who wrote the apology?
plato
branches of philsophy
what did socrates introduce to the world?
-dialect
-argument through dialogue, disagreement out of which hopefully comes out truth or agreement
what is eristics?
-aims only at defeating the opponent in an argument
-named by Eric
what did plato often refer to?
platonic dialogue, or socratic dialogue
what did plato found?
school of philosophy: academia which academy comes from
where does the word religion come from?
-Latin religare
what Is religare?
-to bind or re-bind
-to bind human beings to god
what is spirituality?
-
types of arguments for existence of God
what does the pragmatist philosopher think?
that religion and God should be judged by their usefulness as we travel through life
if religion and God make life make more sense, and provide us with peace, confidence, joy then thats all the justification we need
valid arguments
sequence of propositions
what is the final proposition called?
premises
what is the last statement called?
conclusion
how is an argument valid?
if its impossible for the final proposition to be true, and for the last statement to be false
ad hominem
-latin for to the man
-argument that attacks the person instead of the argument
-whenever an arguer cannot defend his position with evidence, fact or reason, they might resort to attacking the opponent with anger
appeal to faith
-if you have no faith you cannot learn
-if arguer relied on faith as the base of the argument, you can gain little from further sicussion
-relies on belief that doesn’t rest on logic or evidence
appeal to tradition
-astrology, religion, slavery just because people practice a tradition, says nothing about its viability
argument from authority
-using words of an expert or authority as the base of the argument instead of using the logic or evidence that supports the argument
-professor believes in creation-science
-just because an authority made a claim doesn’t mean he got it right
begging the question
(assuming the answer)
does religion and worship actually produce moral behavior?
example:we must encourage our youth to worship god to instill moral behavior
confirmation bias
-refers to a form of selective thinking that focuses on evidence that supports what believers already believe while ignoring evidence that refutes their beliefs
-plays a stronger role when people base their beliefs upon faith, tradition,and prejudice
-example:if someone believes in power of prayer: they will notice a few answered prayers while ignoring the majority of unanswered prayers
excluded middle (false dichotomy)
half truths (suppressed evidence)
-a statement usually intended to deceive that omits some of the facts necessary for an accurate description
misunderstanding the nature of statistics
-example:majority of people in the us die in hospitals therefore stay out of them
post hoc, ergo propter hoc
-latin for it happened after so it was caused by
-example she got sick after she visited china, therefore, china made her sick
red herring
when the arguer diverts the attention by changing the subject
slippery slope
example:how can God create so much suffering In the world? you have to understand that God moves in mysterious ways, and we have no privilege to this knowledge
straw man
creating a false scenario then attacking it
example: evolutionists think that everything came about random chance
two wrongs make a right:misdirectio
trying to justify what we did wrong by accusing someone else of doing the same
