philosophy 1 quiz

Question 1

what is philosophy? why bother with it?

Answer 1

-said to be the love of wisdom
-the journey to wisdom: exploration, critique, discovery
-questioning everything

Question 2

where did philosophy begin?

Answer 2

Ancient Greece

Question 2

what does the word philosophy mean?

Answer 2

philo-love
sophy-wisdom

Question 3

person who calls themselves a philosopher…

Answer 3

is always questioning

Question 4

why/how was socrates killed?

Answer 4

-killed by his fellow Greeks (athenians)
-for corrupting youth, denying gods of the people
-athenians made him drink hemlock aka poison

Question 5

who was socrates student?

Answer 5

plato

Question 6

what is the apology?

Answer 6

giving an account or defense of yourself because you think you are right

Question 7

what isn’t philosophy?

Answer 7

it isn’t religion, science, history. it deals with everything death, life, taxes, math, law, art

Question 8

what is the cave allegory? what is its purpose? who made it?

Answer 8

-socrates made it
-tells us about our own ignorance

Question 8

the ascent to truth

Answer 8

-if you were persuaded your former beliefs were wrong, you’d need to find different beliefs
-this can be disorienting, painful
-you might even hold onto the old beliefs even if they are wrong because its just what you’re used to

Question 9

definition of philosophy for the course

Answer 9

-we will use Wilfred Sellers notion
-simplify it to radical open inquiry
-root of the problem (radical), we will not be (open) shutting down ideas opposing our own views, and examination or searching out (inquiry)

Question 10

what is our beliefs like in the world?

Answer 10

-our beliefs in the world are like valuable possessions

Question 10

who wrote the apology?

Answer 10

plato

Question 11

branches of philsophy

Question 12

what did socrates introduce to the world?

Answer 12

-dialect
-argument through dialogue, disagreement out of which hopefully comes out truth or agreement

Question 12

what is eristics?

Answer 12

-aims only at defeating the opponent in an argument
-named by Eric

Question 13

what did plato often refer to?

Answer 13

platonic dialogue, or socratic dialogue

Question 13

what did plato found?

Answer 13

school of philosophy: academia which academy comes from

Question 13

where does the word religion come from?

Answer 13

-Latin religare

Question 14

what Is religare?

Answer 14

-to bind or re-bind
-to bind human beings to god

Question 15

what is spirituality?

Answer 15

-

Question 15

types of arguments for existence of God

Question 16

what does the pragmatist philosopher think?

Answer 16

that religion and God should be judged by their usefulness as we travel through life
if religion and God make life make more sense, and provide us with peace, confidence, joy then thats all the justification we need

Question 17

valid arguments

Answer 17

sequence of propositions

Question 18

what is the final proposition called?

Answer 18

premises

Question 19

what is the last statement called?

Answer 19

conclusion

Question 20

how is an argument valid?

Answer 20

if its impossible for the final proposition to be true, and for the last statement to be false

Question 21

ad hominem

Answer 21

-latin for to the man
-argument that attacks the person instead of the argument
-whenever an arguer cannot defend his position with evidence, fact or reason, they might resort to attacking the opponent with anger

Question 22

appeal to faith

Answer 22

-if you have no faith you cannot learn
-if arguer relied on faith as the base of the argument, you can gain little from further sicussion
-relies on belief that doesn’t rest on logic or evidence

Question 23

appeal to tradition

Answer 23

-astrology, religion, slavery just because people practice a tradition, says nothing about its viability

Question 24

argument from authority

Answer 24

-using words of an expert or authority as the base of the argument instead of using the logic or evidence that supports the argument
-professor believes in creation-science
-just because an authority made a claim doesn’t mean he got it right

Question 25

begging the question
(assuming the answer)

Answer 25

does religion and worship actually produce moral behavior?
example:we must encourage our youth to worship god to instill moral behavior

Question 26

confirmation bias

Answer 26

-refers to a form of selective thinking that focuses on evidence that supports what believers already believe while ignoring evidence that refutes their beliefs
-plays a stronger role when people base their beliefs upon faith, tradition,and prejudice
-example:if someone believes in power of prayer: they will notice a few answered prayers while ignoring the majority of unanswered prayers

Question 27

excluded middle (false dichotomy)

Question 28

half truths (suppressed evidence)

Answer 28

-a statement usually intended to deceive that omits some of the facts necessary for an accurate description

Question 29

misunderstanding the nature of statistics

Answer 29

-example:majority of people in the us die in hospitals therefore stay out of them

Question 30

post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Answer 30

-latin for it happened after so it was caused by
-example she got sick after she visited china, therefore, china made her sick

Question 31

red herring

Answer 31

when the arguer diverts the attention by changing the subject

Question 32

slippery slope

Answer 32

example:how can God create so much suffering In the world? you have to understand that God moves in mysterious ways, and we have no privilege to this knowledge

Question 33

straw man

Answer 33

creating a false scenario then attacking it
example: evolutionists think that everything came about random chance

Question 34

two wrongs make a right:misdirectio

Answer 34

trying to justify what we did wrong by accusing someone else of doing the same