Philosophical Underpinnings

Question 1

Description

Answer 1

Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified

Question 2

Prediction

Answer 2

Two events vary consistently (ie, when one event occurs, we are likely to see the other, but one doesn’t necessarily cause the other)

Question 3

Control (Functional Relation)

Answer 3

Experimental demonstration that manipulating one event results in another event

Question 4

Determinism (lawfulness of behaviour)

Answer 4

All events have causes and occur lawfully as a result of other events

Question 5

Experimentation

Answer 5

Systematic manipulation of independent variables, measurement of dependent variables, and analysis of their relationship.

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

Objective observation, thorough description, precise quantification

Question 7

Parsimony

Answer 7

When multiple explanations for a phenomenon are available, select the simplest

Question 8

Philosophic Doubt

Answer 8

Questioning what is regarded as fact; willingness to abandon beliefs in light of new data

Question 9

Replication

Answer 9

Increased credibility of data results from the duplication of the same study or similar studies

Question 10

Selectionism

Answer 10

Features and behaviours are “selected” throughout an organism’s lifetime (ie. operant) or over the history of the species (ie. evolution) as a function of consequences

Question 11

Pragmatism

Answer 11

the “truth” or value of a scientific proposition depends on the extent to which it leads to success with respect to some goal

Question 12

Ontogenic

Answer 12

Behaviour that is learned from an organism’s interaction with its environment (ie history of reinforcement). Generally operant behaviour is ontogenic.

Question 13

Phylogenic

Answer 13

Refers to behaviour that is inherited. Generally, respondent behaviour is phylogenic.

Question 14

Respondent behaviour

Answer 14

is “elicited”, Occurs reflexively in response to antecedent stimuli. Generally respondent behaviour is phylogenic.

Question 15

Operant behaviour

Answer 15

is “emitted”, it occurs as a function of both antecedent and consequent stimuli. Generally operant behaviour is ontogenic.

Question 16

Analytic

Answer 16

believable demonstrations of the events responsible for behaviour change

Question 17

Applied

Answer 17

Interest in behaviours that are important to both the individual and society

Question 18

Behavioural

Answer 18

The study of what people do

Question 19

Conceptually Systematic

Answer 19

Procedures are described in terms of basic principles

Question 20

Effective

Answer 20

Procedures produce practical and significant changes in behaviour

Question 21

Generality

Answer 21

Behaviour change that is durable, occurs in a variety of environments, or generalizes across a variety of behaviours

Question 22

Technological

Answer 22

Behaviour change procedures are described specifically and completely enough that a trained reader could replicate them.