Philosophical Persperctive Of The Self Flashcards
1
Q
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
A
Socrates
2
Q
He proposed the socratic method
A
Socrates
3
Q
Dualistic: body and soul
A
Socrates
4
Q
“Sef is an immortal soul”
A
Plato
5
Q
Also known as “physical appetite”
A
Appetitive soul
6
Q
To know thyself is first an___ and then a___
A
Imperative and requirement
7
Q
He is the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning of the self.
A
Socrates
8
Q
“I KNOW THAT I DO NOT KNOW”. For him, only in recognition of one’s ignorance that a person can truly know oneself.
A
Socrates
9
Q
is a method of carefully examining one’s thoughts and emotions – to gain self-knowledge.
A
Socratic Method
10
Q
He believed that every man is dualistic.
A
Socrates
11
Q
which refers to imperfect, impermanent aspect that is vulnerable to basic emotions and actions
A
Body
12
Q
refers to the perfect and permanent aspect that controls the body and prevents it from falling into fallacy and inadequate behavior.
A
Soul
13
Q
changeable, transient, and imperfect. The physical world “like body” in which man lives belongs to the physical realm.
A
Physical Realm
14
Q
unchanging, eternal, and immortal. Intellectual essences of the universe, concepts such as truth, goodness and beauty.
A
Ideal realm
15
Q
the gadfly of the Athenian State
A
Socrates
16
Q
He is a follower of Socrates who also believes that self is soul.
A
Plato
17
Q
He is a follower of Socrates who also believes that self is soul.
A
Plato
18
Q
His philosophy focuses on a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul
A
Plato
19
Q
He conceptualized Psyche as core of the self that is composed of three elements
A
Plato
20
Q
also termed as “physical appetite” that is in charge of effortless craving required to stay alive like eating, drinking, sleeping,
A
Appetitive soul
21
Q
is in charge of basic emotions such as love, anger, and empathy.
A
Spirited Soul
22
Q
is in charge of basic emotions such as love, anger, and empathy.
A
Spirited soul
23
Q
also known as “reason” is forged by reason and intellect, has to govern the affairs of the human person.
A
Rational soul
24
Q
What are the three parts of the soul according to plato.
A
Appetitive, rational, spirited
25
which means the conscious awareness of the self. It is the super power that controls the affairs of the self
Nous
26
You have made us for yourself., O Lord, and our heart is restless until it finds rest in You.”
St. Augustine
27
SELF HAS AN IMMORTAL SOUL”
St. Augustine
28
He believed that the development of the self is achieved through self-presentation and self-realization.
St. Augustine
29
He believed that the development of the self is achieved through self-presentation and self-realization.
St. Augustine
30
According to st. Augustine,____dwells in the world and is imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine; is bound to die on earth
Body
31
St. Augustine stated that____ is capable of reaching immortality; anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.
Soul
32
St. Augustine stated that____ is capable of reaching immortality; anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.
Soul
33
He believes that man’s goal is happiness.
St. Augustine
34
He believes that man’s goal is happiness.
St. Augustine
35
“Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us” (The truth of knowing God)
St. Augustine
36
Accordinh to him, Human beings alone, without God, is bound to fail.
St. Augustine
37
He argues that the soul must be a reality because of its capacity to reason (freewill).
St. Augustine
38
He believed that we are eternal and the body is not.
St. Augustine
39
According to him, Only in God can man attain true and eternal happiness, made possible in his contemplation of the truth and divine wisdom that refers to God himself.
St. Augustine
40
“Experiencing that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.”
St. Thomas Aquinas
41
St. Thomas Aquinas contended man is composed of two parts: ___&_____
Matter and Form
42
comes from the greek word “hyle” which means the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe that includes man's body
Matter
43
, St. Aquinas contended man is composed of two parts: _____&_____
Matter and Form
44
come from the greek word “morphe which means the essence of a substance or thing that makes it what it is.
Form
45
He stated that what makes a human person a human person is his soul, his essence.
St. Thomas Aquinas
46
St. Augustine stated that the____ is what animates the body, it is what makes us humans.
Soul
47
“Cogito, Ergo Sum”
Rene Descartes’ i think therefore i am
48
He is the father of Modern Philosophy, a rationalist (a person who bases her opinions and actions on reason and knowledge not beliefs).
Rene Descartes
49
. He conceived of the human person as having a body and a min
Rene Descartes
50
The Meditations of First Philosophy, he claims that there is so much that we should doubt.
Rene Descartes
51
The Act of thinking about the self- of being conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self.
Rene Descartes
52
two dimensions of human self by rene descartes
The self as thinking entity and the self as physical body
53
Cogito,ergo Sum” translated as:
“ I think therefore I am” or “ I doubt therefore I exist.”
54
which includes the need of reason in order to evaluate our thoughts and actions.
Human Rationality
55
According to him, everything must be subjected to doubts- our existence, our world
Rene Descartes
56
refers to the thing that thinks, which is the mind
Cogito
57
According to Rene Descartes The self, then, is also a combination of two distinct entities:
Cogito and extenza
58
“Tabula Rasa”
John Locke
59
Self is comparable to an empty space where everyday experiences contribute to the pile of knowledge that is put forth on that empty space
John Locke
60
He posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas
John Locke
61
He posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas
John Locke
62
The ego is a fictional idea”
David Hume
63
self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.
David hume
64
self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.
David hume
65
According to david hume If one tries to examine his experiences, he finds that they can all be categorized into two
Impressions and Ideas
66
refers to the basic objects of our experience or sensation
Impression
67
refers to the basic objects of our experience or sensation
Impression
68
refers to the copies of impressions and are thus not as lively and vivid as our impressions.
Ideas
69
He harshly claimed that there is no Self. He quoted: “Self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions,
David Hume
70
It is beyond a doubt that all our knowledge that begins with experience.”
Immanuel Kant
71
For him, there is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world
Immanuel Kant
72
He believes that perception dies jot belong to the world but to the self
Merleau Ponty
73
Early childhood experiences that create high levels of anxiety are repressed into unconscious, where they may influence behavior, emotions, and attitudes for years.”
Sigmund freud
74
The psyche is structured into three parts (i.e., tripartite),
Id, ego, superego
75
(also known as three layers of the self). These are systems, not parts of the brain, or in any way physical.
Id(pleasure principle)
Ego (reality principle)
Superego (moral and idealistic principle)
76
is the primitive and instinctive component of personality consists of all the inherited (i.e., biological) components of personality present at birth, including the sex
ID (Pleasure Principle)
77
It is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately to the instincts.
ID (Pleasure Principle)
78
It operates on the pleasure principle which is the idea that every wishful impulse should be satisfied immediately, regardless of the consequences
ID (Pleasure Principle)
79
refers to the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world.
Ego (reality principle)
80
It is the decision-making component of personality, it operates according to the reality principle, working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society.
Ego (Reality Principle)
81
engages in secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem-solving.
Ego (Reality Principle)
82
refers to the incorporation of the values and morals of society which are learned from one's parents and others.
Superego( moral and idealistic principle)
83
It develops around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of psychosexual development.
Superego (moral and idealistic pronciple)
84
Its function is to control the id's impulses; it also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.
Superego
85
Its function is to control the id's impulses; it also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.
Superego
86
Superego consist of two systems:
Conscience and ego-ideal
87
can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt,
Conscience
88
Is an imaginary picture of how one ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society.
Ego-ideal
89
“Man need not to be degraded to a machine by being denied to be a ghost in a machine. He might, after all, be a sort of animal, namely, a higher mammal.”
Gilbert Ryle
90
For him, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.
Gilbert Ryle
91
Mind is not separated from the body (contradict with Descartes’ dualism) mind-ghost in the machine.
Gilbert Ryle
92
He suggests that the "self" is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
Gilbert Ryle
93
It simply says that Mental Processes are merely intelligent acts. There is no internal, non-physical self.
Gilbert Ryle
94
The physical actions or behaviors are dispositions of the self. The mind is a disposition of the self.
Gilbert Ryle
95
“I act therefore I am” or “You are what you do”.
Gilbert Ryle
96
Our behavior appears to have its basic cause in neural activity”
Paul and patricia churchland
97
They promoted the position called “eliminative materialism” which bring forth neuroscience into the fore of understanding the self.
Patricia and Paul Churchland
98
materialism - the belief that nothing but matter exist,
Paul and Patricia Churchland
99
MRI scan or CT scan to understand the present condition of the brain and how it currently works.
Neurobiology
100
They asserted that the concept of self originates in the physical brain, not an invented mind.
Paul and Patricia Churchland
101
The world and I are within one another”
Merleau- Ponty
102
phenomenologist who asserts that the mind-body bifurcation is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem.
Merleau-Ponty
103
the mind and body are intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.
Merleau-Ponty
104
For him, the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.
Merlau-Ponty
105
He believes that perception does not belong to the world, but to the self.
Merleau ponty
106
Sin as the source of human unhappiness as sin impair human freewill
St. augustine of hippo
