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Understanding The Self > Philosophical Persperctive Of The Self > Flashcards

Philosophical Persperctive Of The Self Flashcards

1
Q

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

A

Socrates

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2
Q

He proposed the socratic method

A

Socrates

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3
Q

Dualistic: body and soul

A

Socrates

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4
Q

“Sef is an immortal soul”

A

Plato

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5
Q

Also known as “physical appetite”

A

Appetitive soul

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6
Q

To know thyself is first an___ and then a___

A

Imperative and requirement

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7
Q

He is the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning of the self.

A

Socrates

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8
Q

“I KNOW THAT I DO NOT KNOW”. For him, only in recognition of one’s ignorance that a person can truly know oneself.

A

Socrates

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9
Q

is a method of carefully examining one’s thoughts and emotions – to gain self-knowledge.

A

Socratic Method

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10
Q

He believed that every man is dualistic.

A

Socrates

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11
Q

which refers to imperfect, impermanent aspect that is vulnerable to basic emotions and actions

A

Body

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12
Q

refers to the perfect and permanent aspect that controls the body and prevents it from falling into fallacy and inadequate behavior.

A

Soul

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13
Q

changeable, transient, and imperfect. The physical world “like body” in which man lives belongs to the physical realm.

A

Physical Realm

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14
Q

unchanging, eternal, and immortal. Intellectual essences of the universe, concepts such as truth, goodness and beauty.

A

Ideal realm

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15
Q

the gadfly of the Athenian State

A

Socrates

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16
Q

He is a follower of Socrates who also believes that self is soul.

A

Plato

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17
Q

He is a follower of Socrates who also believes that self is soul.

A

Plato

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18
Q

His philosophy focuses on a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul

A

Plato

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19
Q

He conceptualized Psyche as core of the self that is composed of three elements

A

Plato

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20
Q

also termed as “physical appetite” that is in charge of effortless craving required to stay alive like eating, drinking, sleeping,

A

Appetitive soul

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21
Q

is in charge of basic emotions such as love, anger, and empathy.

A

Spirited Soul

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22
Q

is in charge of basic emotions such as love, anger, and empathy.

A

Spirited soul

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23
Q

also known as “reason” is forged by reason and intellect, has to govern the affairs of the human person.

A

Rational soul

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24
Q

What are the three parts of the soul according to plato.

A

Appetitive, rational, spirited

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25
Q

which means the conscious awareness of the self. It is the super power that controls the affairs of the self

A

Nous

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26
Q

You have made us for yourself., O Lord, and our heart is restless until it finds rest in You.”

A

St. Augustine

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27
Q

SELF HAS AN IMMORTAL SOUL”

A

St. Augustine

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28
Q

He believed that the development of the self is achieved through self-presentation and self-realization.

A

St. Augustine

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29
Q

He believed that the development of the self is achieved through self-presentation and self-realization.

A

St. Augustine

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30
Q

According to st. Augustine,____dwells in the world and is imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine; is bound to die on earth

A

Body

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31
Q

St. Augustine stated that____ is capable of reaching immortality; anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.

A

Soul

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32
Q

St. Augustine stated that____ is capable of reaching immortality; anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.

A

Soul

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33
Q

He believes that man’s goal is happiness.

A

St. Augustine

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34
Q

He believes that man’s goal is happiness.

A

St. Augustine

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35
Q

“Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us” (The truth of knowing God)

A

St. Augustine

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36
Q

Accordinh to him, Human beings alone, without God, is bound to fail.

A

St. Augustine

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37
Q

He argues that the soul must be a reality because of its capacity to reason (freewill).

A

St. Augustine

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38
Q

He believed that we are eternal and the body is not.

A

St. Augustine

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39
Q

According to him, Only in God can man attain true and eternal happiness, made possible in his contemplation of the truth and divine wisdom that refers to God himself.

A

St. Augustine

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40
Q

“Experiencing that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.”

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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41
Q

St. Thomas Aquinas contended man is composed of two parts: ___&_____

A

Matter and Form

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42
Q

comes from the greek word “hyle” which means the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe that includes man’s body

A

Matter

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43
Q

, St. Aquinas contended man is composed of two parts: _____&_____

A

Matter and Form

44
Q

come from the greek word “morphe which means the essence of a substance or thing that makes it what it is.

A

Form

45
Q

He stated that what makes a human person a human person is his soul, his essence.

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

46
Q

St. Augustine stated that the____ is what animates the body, it is what makes us humans.

A

Soul

47
Q

“Cogito, Ergo Sum”

A

Rene Descartes’ i think therefore i am

48
Q

He is the father of Modern Philosophy, a rationalist (a person who bases her opinions and actions on reason and knowledge not beliefs).

A

Rene Descartes

49
Q

. He conceived of the human person as having a body and a min

A

Rene Descartes

50
Q

The Meditations of First Philosophy, he claims that there is so much that we should doubt.

A

Rene Descartes

51
Q

The Act of thinking about the self- of being conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self.

A

Rene Descartes

52
Q

two dimensions of human self by rene descartes

A

The self as thinking entity and the self as physical body

53
Q

Cogito,ergo Sum” translated as:

A

“ I think therefore I am” or “ I doubt therefore I exist.”

54
Q

which includes the need of reason in order to evaluate our thoughts and actions.

A

Human Rationality

55
Q

According to him, everything must be subjected to doubts- our existence, our world

A

Rene Descartes

56
Q

refers to the thing that thinks, which is the mind

A

Cogito

57
Q

According to Rene Descartes The self, then, is also a combination of two distinct entities:

A

Cogito and extenza

58
Q

“Tabula Rasa”

A

John Locke

59
Q

Self is comparable to an empty space where everyday experiences contribute to the pile of knowledge that is put forth on that empty space

A

John Locke

60
Q

He posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas

A

John Locke

61
Q

He posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas

A

John Locke

62
Q

The ego is a fictional idea”

A

David Hume

63
Q

self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.

A

David hume

64
Q

self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.

A

David hume

65
Q

According to david hume If one tries to examine his experiences, he finds that they can all be categorized into two

A

Impressions and Ideas

66
Q

refers to the basic objects of our experience or sensation

A

Impression

67
Q

refers to the basic objects of our experience or sensation

A

Impression

68
Q

refers to the copies of impressions and are thus not as lively and vivid as our impressions.

A

Ideas

69
Q

He harshly claimed that there is no Self. He quoted: “Self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions,

A

David Hume

70
Q

It is beyond a doubt that all our knowledge that begins with experience.”

A

Immanuel Kant

71
Q

​For him, there is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world

A

Immanuel Kant

72
Q

He believes that perception dies jot belong to the world but to the self

A

Merleau Ponty

73
Q

Early childhood experiences that create high levels of anxiety are repressed into unconscious, where they may influence behavior, emotions, and attitudes for years.”

A

Sigmund freud

74
Q

The psyche is structured into three parts (i.e., tripartite),

A

Id, ego, superego

75
Q

(also known as three layers of the self). These are systems, not parts of the brain, or in any way physical.

A

Id(pleasure principle)
Ego (reality principle)
Superego (moral and idealistic principle)

76
Q

is the primitive and instinctive component of personality consists of all the inherited (i.e., biological) components of personality present at birth, including the sex

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)

77
Q

It is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately to the instincts.

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)

78
Q

It operates on the pleasure principle which is the idea that every wishful impulse should be satisfied immediately, regardless of the consequences

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)

79
Q

refers to the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world.

A

Ego (reality principle)

80
Q

It is the decision-making component of personality, it operates according to the reality principle, working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society.

A

Ego (Reality Principle)

81
Q

engages in secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem-solving.

A

Ego (Reality Principle)

82
Q

refers to the incorporation of the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others.

A

Superego( moral and idealistic principle)

83
Q

It develops around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of psychosexual development.

A

Superego (moral and idealistic pronciple)

84
Q

Its function is to control the id’s impulses; it also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.

A

Superego

85
Q

Its function is to control the id’s impulses; it also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.

A

Superego

86
Q

Superego consist of two systems:

A

Conscience and ego-ideal

87
Q

can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt,

A

Conscience

88
Q

Is an imaginary picture of how one ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society.

A

Ego-ideal

89
Q

“Man need not to be degraded to a machine by being denied to be a ghost in a machine. He might, after all, be a sort of animal, namely, a higher mammal.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

90
Q

For him, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.

A

Gilbert Ryle

91
Q

Mind is not separated from the body (contradict with Descartes’ dualism) mind-ghost in the machine.

A

Gilbert Ryle

92
Q

He suggests that the “self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.

A

Gilbert Ryle

93
Q

It simply says that Mental Processes are merely intelligent acts. There is no internal, non-physical self.

A

Gilbert Ryle

94
Q

The physical actions or behaviors are dispositions of the self. The mind is a disposition of the self.

A

Gilbert Ryle

95
Q

“I act therefore I am” or “You are what you do”.

A

Gilbert Ryle

96
Q

Our behavior appears to have its basic cause in neural activity”

A

Paul and patricia churchland

97
Q

They promoted the position called “eliminative materialism” which bring forth neuroscience into the fore of understanding the self.

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

98
Q

materialism - the belief that nothing but matter exist,

A

Paul and Patricia Churchland

99
Q

MRI scan or CT scan to understand the present condition of the brain and how it currently works.

A

Neurobiology

100
Q

They asserted that the concept of self originates in the physical brain, not an invented mind.

A

Paul and Patricia Churchland

101
Q

The world and I are within one another”

A

Merleau- Ponty

102
Q

phenomenologist who asserts that the mind-body bifurcation is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem.

A

Merleau-Ponty

103
Q

the mind and body are intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.

A

Merleau-Ponty

104
Q

​For him, the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.

A

Merlau-Ponty

105
Q

He believes that perception does not belong to the world, but to the self.

A

Merleau ponty

106
Q

Sin as the source of human unhappiness as sin impair human freewill

A

St. augustine of hippo

Understanding The Self (1 decks)

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