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Understanding The Self > Philosophical Perspective of the Self > Flashcards

Philosophical Perspective of the Self Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the basic/fundamental principles of life, knowledge, reality, existence, morality, and human nature through the use of Logic and Reason

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

The three Objectives of Philosophy?

A
  1. It opens the minds of people.
  2. It does not provide ultimate answers despite the ultimate nature of philosophical ideas.
    3 Encourages individuals to seek answers for themselves.
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3
Q

There is a fundamental principle/thing that underlies everything, including human self.

A

Cosmo-centric

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4
Q

The Philosopher that believes Earth flows on Water

A

Thales

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5
Q

The Philosopher that believes Apeiron: boundless something as the originating cause of the world

A

Anaximander

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6
Q

The Philosopher that believes Air is the source of all things

A

Anaximenes

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7
Q

The Philosopher that believes everything is composed of atoms which are physically but geometrically indivisible.

A

Democritus

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8
Q

The Philosopher that believes everything is Fire: everything is in constant change more so than chaos.

A

Heraclitus

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9
Q

Which Philosopher believes that mind or the supreme principle is infinite.

A

Anaxagoras

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10
Q

Which Philosopher associated his philosophy in numbers

A

Pythagoras

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11
Q

The first philosopher who ever engaged in systematic questioning of the self

A

Socrates

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12
Q

Socrates’ famous quotes

A

“know thyself”
“An unexamined life is not worth living”

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13
Q

Socrates’ dualistic reality

A

*Mind (imperfect and impermanent)
*Soul (perfect and permanent)

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14
Q

A student of Socrates and supports the dualistic reality

A

Plato

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15
Q

The philosopher that said “There is a dynamic relationship with each other in agreement or in conflict. But the responsibility of the reason is to store harmony among the three”

A

Plato

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16
Q

Plato’s 3 parts of soul(psyche)

A

*Reason (the divine that let us think deeply)
*Appetite (biological needs)
*Spirit/passion (basic emotions)

17
Q

The philosopher that said “The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and soul”

A

St. Augustine

18
Q

The philosopher that said “Body is bound to Earth and Soul anticipate”

A

St Augustine

19
Q

A rationalist (opinions and actions on knowledge and reason after than on religious beliefs or emotional response)

A

Rene Descartes

20
Q

Meaning of “Cogito Ergo Sum”

A

I think, therefore, I am

21
Q

An idea wherein it can exist independent of the body but doesn’t deny the association of the body to the self

A

Self: A thinking thing

22
Q

Rene Descartes’ Dualism

A

Thinking (spiritual) self vs. physical body

23
Q

One of Rene Descartes’ dualism wherin it is governed by the laws of reason and God’s will

A

Thinking (spiritual self)

24
Q

One of the Rene Descartes’ dualism wherein it is governed by the laws of nature

A

Physical Body

25
Q

An empiricist: knowledge is derived from experience derived from sense

A

John Locke

26
Q

John Locke’s another term for Mind (self)

A

Tabularasa (a blank slate)

27
Q

The philosopher that said “Knowledge originates in direct sense experience”

A

John Locke

28
Q

The philosopher that said “Reason plays a subsequent role in figuring out the significance of our sense experience and in reaching intelligent conclusions”

A

John Locke

29
Q

An empiricist, skepticist, and nihilist philosopher

A

David Hume

30
Q

The philosopher that said “There is no self!”

A

David Hume

31
Q

Empiricism

A

*Impressions (basic sensations of experience)
*Ideas (copies of impressions)

32
Q

The philosopher that said “We construct the self!”

A

Immanuel Kant

33
Q

He founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.

A

Sigmund Freud

34
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the self is multi-layered:

A

*Conscious
*Subconscious
*Unconscious

35
Q

Freud’s Regions on the Mind

A
  • ID (pleasure seeking principle)
  • ego (reality principle)
    *Superego (moralistic principle)
36
Q

The philosopher that said “The mind/self is the brain”

A

Paul Churchland

37
Q

The philosopher that said “The mind and body are intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another”

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

38
Q

The philosopher that beilives the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.

A

Maurice Marleau-Ponty

Understanding The Self (2 decks)

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