Philosophical Perspective of the Self Flashcards
It is the study of the basic/fundamental principles of life, knowledge, reality, existence, morality, and human nature through the use of Logic and Reason
Philosophy
The three Objectives of Philosophy?
- It opens the minds of people.
- It does not provide ultimate answers despite the ultimate nature of philosophical ideas.
3 Encourages individuals to seek answers for themselves.
There is a fundamental principle/thing that underlies everything, including human self.
Cosmo-centric
The Philosopher that believes Earth flows on Water
Thales
The Philosopher that believes Apeiron: boundless something as the originating cause of the world
Anaximander
The Philosopher that believes Air is the source of all things
Anaximenes
The Philosopher that believes everything is composed of atoms which are physically but geometrically indivisible.
Democritus
The Philosopher that believes everything is Fire: everything is in constant change more so than chaos.
Heraclitus
Which Philosopher believes that mind or the supreme principle is infinite.
Anaxagoras
Which Philosopher associated his philosophy in numbers
Pythagoras
The first philosopher who ever engaged in systematic questioning of the self
Socrates
Socrates’ famous quotes
“know thyself”
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates’ dualistic reality
*Mind (imperfect and impermanent)
*Soul (perfect and permanent)
A student of Socrates and supports the dualistic reality
Plato
The philosopher that said “There is a dynamic relationship with each other in agreement or in conflict. But the responsibility of the reason is to store harmony among the three”
Plato
Plato’s 3 parts of soul(psyche)
*Reason (the divine that let us think deeply)
*Appetite (biological needs)
*Spirit/passion (basic emotions)
The philosopher that said “The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and soul”
St. Augustine
The philosopher that said “Body is bound to Earth and Soul anticipate”
St Augustine
A rationalist (opinions and actions on knowledge and reason after than on religious beliefs or emotional response)
Rene Descartes
Meaning of “Cogito Ergo Sum”
I think, therefore, I am
An idea wherein it can exist independent of the body but doesn’t deny the association of the body to the self
Self: A thinking thing
Rene Descartes’ Dualism
Thinking (spiritual) self vs. physical body
One of Rene Descartes’ dualism wherin it is governed by the laws of reason and God’s will
Thinking (spiritual self)
One of the Rene Descartes’ dualism wherein it is governed by the laws of nature
Physical Body
An empiricist: knowledge is derived from experience derived from sense
John Locke
John Locke’s another term for Mind (self)
Tabularasa (a blank slate)
The philosopher that said “Knowledge originates in direct sense experience”
John Locke
The philosopher that said “Reason plays a subsequent role in figuring out the significance of our sense experience and in reaching intelligent conclusions”
John Locke
An empiricist, skepticist, and nihilist philosopher
David Hume
The philosopher that said “There is no self!”
David Hume
Empiricism
*Impressions (basic sensations of experience)
*Ideas (copies of impressions)
The philosopher that said “We construct the self!”
Immanuel Kant
He founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.
Sigmund Freud
According to Sigmund Freud, the self is multi-layered:
*Conscious
*Subconscious
*Unconscious
Freud’s Regions on the Mind
- ID (pleasure seeking principle)
- ego (reality principle)
*Superego (moralistic principle)
The philosopher that said “The mind/self is the brain”
Paul Churchland
The philosopher that said “The mind and body are intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another”
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
The philosopher that beilives the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.
Maurice Marleau-Ponty
