philosophical argument

Question 1

what makes a philosophical argument different to a typical argument?

Answer 1

it involves reason

Question 2

what is the process of reason?

Answer 2

moving from initial facts/assertions to a claim or proposition

Question 3

what is the name for assertions or facts in an argument?

Answer 3

premises

Question 4

what is the name for claims or propositions in an argument?

Answer 4

conclusions

Question 5

how do you get from premises to conclusions?

Answer 5

inference

Question 6

what is a deductive argument?

Answer 6

arguments whereby the conclusion has to be true if the premises are true

Question 7

what is an inductive argument?

Answer 7

arguments that seek to draw a general conclusion from a specific case

Question 8

what is the key fact about inductive arguments?

Answer 8

they are at best probable, never certain!

Question 9

what is a valid argument?

Answer 9

the conclusion follows the premises and is logical

Question 10

what is an invalid argument?

Answer 10

the conclusion does not logically follow the premises

Question 11

what is a sound argument?

Answer 11

the argument is valid and the premises are true therefore the conclusion is true

Question 12

what is an unsound argument?

Answer 12

the argument is valid but the premises are not true therefore the conclusion is false