Philosophes of the Enlightenment Flashcards
1
Q
Bernard de Fontenelle
A
- humans can make progress and marveled at the progress already made
2
Q
Pierre Bayle
A
- there is a basis for doubt in absolutely everything, published a dictionary, leading skeptic
3
Q
Baruch Spinoza
A
- equated God and nature, believed in an impersonal mechanical universe, denied free will
4
Q
Denis Diderot
A
- editor of the first European encyclopedia, part of prominent salons
5
Q
Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert
A
- co-edited the encyclopedia with Diderot
6
Q
Baron de Montesquieu
A
- defined the theory of separation of powers of the three branches of government, outlined a system of checks and balances
7
Q
Thomas Paine
A
- advocated deism and progress, idea of an improved society through natural laws
8
Q
Voltaire
A
- established deism, believed monarchy was the best form of government
9
Q
Marquis de Condorcet
A
- human progress eventually lead to its perfection, wanted catastrophic change
10
Q
Baron Paul d’Holbach
A
- claimed that people were machines controlled by outside forces
- free will, God, and immortality were myths
11
Q
David Hume
A
- emphasized limitations of human reasoning, human mind is nothing but a bundle of impressions
12
Q
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A
- believed rationalism and civilization were destroying rather than liberating
- nature and passion, against the culture of the Enlightenment
- general will reflect public opinion
13
Q
Immanuel Kant
A
- freedom of press would result in Enlightenment, separated science and morality into distinct branches of knowledge
14
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft
A
- first true feminist
15
Q
Olympe de Gouges
A
- rose her own salon, abolitionist
